The history of Psychiatric Nursing education at the Universidade Federal de Alagoas (1976-1981)

Abstract

Objective: To historically analyze psychiatric nursing teaching at the Universidade Federal de Alagoas from 1976 to 1981. Methods: Qualitative study; social-historical approach employing Thematic Oral History based on the documentary sources and testimonials from nurses, students, professors, and professionals at the psychiatric hospital where these practices occurred. The study researched World, Brazil, and Alagoas history and the Curricular Guidelines for Nursing for the history comprehension and used Erving Goffman’s concepts as a theoretical reference. Results: They revealed the structural conditions of the university in 1976, the American contribution to the teaching staff, the students’ psychological preparation in theoretical and practical classes, the precarious scenario of psychiatric care in Alagoas, and the care that minimizes stigmas through empathy and sensitive listening. Conclusion: With the emergence of that discipline, students and professors expanded their views on mental illness and emphasized their need for academic training based on reforming care principles.

Vinte Anos Da Lei Da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira: Significados Para a Enfermagem Psiquiátrica E Em Saúde Mental

“…Estudos históricos da Enfermagem, motivados pela trajetória da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, partem de experiências em hospitais psiquiátricos, contribuindo ao conhecimento e à valorização das 9/14 mudanças vividas pelos trabalhadores nas instituições [22][23] . Assim como, pelos usuários de saúde mental, dentro e fora delas, o que deu luz à percepção sobre a problemática da saúde mental na sociedade foi a consciência de que saúde mental é necessidade de todos e não problema de alguns, influenciando os rumos da formação profissional 24 .…”

“…Desta forma, a atuação da Enfermagem nos CAPS é representada caracteristicamente pelo modo de organização do processo de trabalho da equipe de Enfermagem, com a assistência básica e pautada em competências especificas. Isto requer diálogo entre as atividades exclusivas do enfermeiro, além de interações e cuidados compartilhados com a equipe interprofissional, meios pelos quais se desenvolvem práticas individuais, familiares e coletivas, em nível de grupos e comunidade [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Diante da complexidade do cuidado em saúde mental, a importância do trabalho interprofissional em reconhecer as identidades coletivas e interprofissionalidade nos dispositivos e recursos disponíveis, considerando a política nacional e o atual contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, é essencial 17,20 .…”

Twenty Years of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform: Meanings for Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

“…Historical Nursing studies, motivated by the path of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, start from experiences in psychiatric hospitals, contributing to the knowledge and appreciation of the changes experienced by the workers in the institutions [22][23] , as well as by mental health users, inside and outside of institutions; what shed light to the perception of the mental health problem in society was realizing that mental health is a need for all and not a problem for some, influencing the directions of professional training 24 .…”

“…Thus, the role of Nursing in the CAPS is characteristically represented by the way of organizing the work process of the Nursing team, with basic care and grounded on specific competences. This requires dialog between nurses' exclusive activities, in addition to interactions and shared care with the interprofessional team, means by which individual, family and collective practices are developed, both at the and community levels [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Given the complexity of mental health care, the importance of interprofessional work in recognizing the collective identities and interprofessionality in the devices and resources available is essential, considering the national policy and the current context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform 17,20 .…”