The HopPtoF Locus of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Encodes a Type III Chaperone and a Cognate Effector

Shan, Libo; Oh, Hye Sook; Chen, Jianfu; Guo, Ming; Zhou, Jian‐Min; Alfano, James R.; Collmer, Alan; Xu, Jin-Quan; Tang, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.5.447

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We used the PtoDC3000 T3SE HopF2 PtoDC3000 (hereafter HopF2) as a specificity control and found that it did not interact directly with ZED1, indicating that the ZED1 interaction is specific for HopZ1a. However, HopF2 did interact strongly with its chaperone ShcF2 PtoDC3000 , as previously observed (23).…”

Section: Ref 1)supporting

confidence: 84%

The Arabidopsis ZED1 pseudokinase is required for ZAR1-mediated immunity induced by the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1a

Lewis

Lee²,

Hassan

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

245

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Plant and animal pathogenic bacteria can suppress host immunity by injecting type III secreted effector (T3SE) proteins into host cells. However, T3SEs can also elicit host immunity if the host has evolved a means to recognize the presence or activity of specific T3SEs. The diverse YopJ/HopZ/AvrRxv T3SE superfamily, which is found in both animal and plant pathogens, provides examples of T3SEs playing this dual role. The T3SE HopZ1a is an acetyltransferase carried by the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae that elicits effector-triggered immunity (ETI) when recognized in Arabidopsis thaliana by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) protein ZAR1. However, recognition of HopZ1a does not require any known ETI-related genes. Using a forward genetics approach, we identify a unique ETI-associated gene that is essential for ZAR1-mediated immunity. The hopZ-ETI-deficient1 (zed1) mutant is specifically impaired in the recognition of HopZ1a, but not the recognition of other unrelated T3SEs or in pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-triggered immunity. ZED1 directly interacts with both HopZ1a and ZAR1 and is acetylated on threonines 125 and 177 by HopZ1a. ZED1 is a nonfunctional kinase that forms part of small genomic cluster of kinases in Arabidopsis. We hypothesize that ZED1 acts as a decoy to lure HopZ1a to the ZAR1-resistance complex, resulting in ETI activation.ZED1-related kinase | ZRK | hypersensitive response

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Section: Ref 1)supporting

confidence: 84%

The Arabidopsis ZED1 pseudokinase is required for ZAR1-mediated immunity induced by the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1a

Lewis

Lee²,

Hassan

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

245

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“…phaseolicola (62). The effector gene inventories of DC3000 and 1448A are large and characteristically contain a mix of functional and nonfunctional genes that differ among strains and pathovars (10,14,26,55,57; M. Vencato et al, unpublished data). As experimentally documented and discussed elsewhere, 1448A harbors at least 22 genes (see Table S3 in the supplemental material) encoding proteins that can be delivered by the TTSS into plant cells (14; Vencato et al, unpublished data).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Reveals Divergence among Pathovars in Genes Involved in Virulence and Transposition

Joardar¹,

et al. 2005

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, a gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen, is the causal agent of halo blight of bean. In this study, we report on the genome sequence of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola isolate 1448A, which encodes 5,353 open reading frames (ORFs) on one circular chromosome (5,928,787 bp) and two plasmids (131,950 bp and 51,711 bp). Comparative analyses with a phylogenetically divergent pathovar, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, revealed a strong degree of conservation at the gene and genome levels. In total, 4,133 ORFs were identified as putative orthologs in these two pathovars using a reciprocal best-hit method, with 3,941 ORFs present in conserved, syntenic blocks. Although these two pathovars are highly similar at the physiological level, they have distinct host ranges; 1448A causes disease in beans, and DC3000 is pathogenic on tomato and Arabidopsis. Examination of the complement of ORFs encoding virulence, fitness, and survival factors revealed a substantial, but not complete, overlap between these two pathovars. Another distinguishing feature between the two pathovars is their distinctive sets of transposable elements. With access to a fifth complete pseudomonad genome sequence, we were able to identify 3,567 ORFs that likely comprise the core Pseudomonas genome and 365 ORFs that are P. syringae specific.The gram-negative plant-pathogenic species Pseudomonas syringae is comprised of at least 50 pathovars that can be distinguished by their host ranges (30). Many P. syringae pathovars also contain several races characterized by their avirulence on different host cultivars. Genetic control of host specificity at the race-cultivar level, and possibly the pathovar-host species level, is conditioned by "gene-for-gene" interactions between avirulence genes in the pathogen and the corresponding resistance genes in the plant (35). In the last 2 decades, a number of pathogen avirulence genes, as well as the corresponding host resistance genes, have been cloned and identified (9, 13). Resistance gene products, regardless of whether they encode resistance to viral, bacterial, fungal, nematode, or insect pathogens, share similar structures and with few exceptions contain a leucine-rich repeat region (reviewed in reference 37), suggesting a conserved mechanism(s) for pathogen recognition and signal transduction events. In contrast, avirulence gene products share little sequence similarity, although it is well known that bacterial avirulence gene products, along with other virulence factors collectively termed effectors, are injected into the host cell via the specialized type III secretion system (TTSS) that is conserved among plant and animal pathogens (15). The P. syringae effectors are designated Avr (avirulence) or Hop (Hrp outer protein) according to a recently adopted nomenclature system (38). P. syringae effectors collectively are important to virulence, and increasing evidence suggests that these proteins are involved in suppression of host defense responses in compatible interactions with hos...

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“…To generate P. syringae hopF2 R71A and hopF2 D175A mutant strains, the hopF2 mutations were introduced into the pMOD-hrpshcF-hopF2 ATG construct (Shan et al, 2004) by site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutant fragments were excised with EcoRI and BamHI. The hrp-shcF-hopF2 ATG fragment in the pLK-hrp-shcF-hopF2 ATG -HA construct was replaced with the hrp-shcF-hopF2 R71A or hrp-shcFhopF2 D175A fragment.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pseudomonas syringae ADP-Ribosyltransferase Inhibits Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

et al. 2010

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The successful recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as a danger signal is crucial for plants to fend off numerous potential pathogenic microbes. The signal is relayed through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades to activate defenses. Here, we show that the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopF2 can interact with Arabidopsis thaliana MAP KINASE KINASE5 (MKK5) and likely other MKKs to inhibit MPKs and PAMP-triggered immunity. Inhibition of PAMP-induced MPK phosphorylation was observed when HopF2 was delivered naturally by the bacterial type III secretion system. In addition, HopF2 Arg-71 and Asp-175 residues that are required for the interaction with MKK5 are also necessary for blocking MAP kinase activation, PAMP-triggered defenses, and virulence function in plants. HopF2 can inactivate MKK5 and ADP-ribosylate the C terminus of MKK5 in vitro. Arg-313 of MKK5 is required for ADP-ribosylation by HopF2 and MKK5 function in the plant cell. Together, these results indicate that MKKs are important targets of HopF2.

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The HopPtoF Locus of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Encodes a Type III Chaperone and a Cognate Effector

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

The Arabidopsis ZED1 pseudokinase is required for ZAR1-mediated immunity induced by the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1a

The Arabidopsis ZED1 pseudokinase is required for ZAR1-mediated immunity induced by the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1a

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Reveals Divergence among Pathovars in Genes Involved in Virulence and Transposition

A Pseudomonas syringae ADP-Ribosyltransferase Inhibits Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

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