The immunoepidemiology of human hookworm infection

Quinnell, Rupert J.; Bethony, Jeffrey M.; Pritchard, David

doi:10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00727.x

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…It has previously been noted that infected individuals from endemic populations exhibit strong humoral response to various worm antigens and that certain immunoglobulin subtypes may be more closely associated with infection status. [74][75][76][77] The serologic data presented here show that ES proteins from the human and animal hookworm A. ceylanicum [25][26][27] can serve as useful reagents for measuring parasite-specific antibody responses in subSaharan Africa. This finding confirms significant cross-reactivity between ES proteins of A. ceylanicum and those from the two most common human hookworm species in Ghana, A. duodenale and N. americanus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Humphries

Mosites²,

Otchere³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

110

100

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Abstract.A cross-sectional pilot study of hookworm infection was carried out among 292 subjects from 62 households in Kintampo North, Ghana. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 45%, peaking in those 11-20 years old (58.5%). In children, risk factors for hookworm infection included coinfection with malaria and increased serum immunoglobulin G reactivity to hookworm secretory antigens. Risk factors for infection in adults included poor nutritional status, not using a latrine, not wearing shoes, and occupation (farming). Although albendazole therapy was associated with an overall egg reduction rate of 82%, 37 subjects (39%) remained infected. Among those who failed therapy, treatment was not associated with a significant reduction in egg excretion, and nearly one-third had higher counts on repeat examination. These data confirm a high prevalence of low-intensity hookworm infection in central Ghana and its association with poor nutritional status. The high rate of albendazole failure raises concern about emerging resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Humphries

Mosites²,

Otchere³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

110

100

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“…Unlike what has been traditionally thought for most other helminths, immunoepidemiological studies in hookworm endemic areas suggest that hookworms elicit a 'mixed' Th1/Th2 cell response in which both Th1, interferon-g (IFN-g) and IL-12, and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) cytokines are produced [7,11]. This is also unlike what has been shown experimentally with hookworm and hookworm-related species since these studies have shown a typical Th2 response against infection [27,43,44,46e48].…”

Section: Response Against Hookworm Infection and Hookworm-related Spementioning

confidence: 94%

“…In common with other helminth infections are elevated levels of total and specific antibody and eosinophilic responses [3,7,11,14,16,49]. The vigorous antibody response is directed to both larval and adult antigens, and is characterized by the production of all five human isotypes [6], although IgG4 and IgE are the most prominent and have been shown to be correlated to chronicity (or duration) of the infection [9,11].…”

Section: Response Against Hookworm Infection and Hookworm-related Spementioning

confidence: 99%

Hookworm virulence factors: making the most of the host

Periago

Bethony

2012

Microbes and Infection

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“…Negative associations have been observed between hookworm parasite burden and parasite-specific IgG, IgM and IgE antibody levels (17)(18)(19). Children living in endemic areas of Brazil and who appear to be resistant to hookworm infection produce greater levels of both type-1 (IFN-c) and type-2 cytokines compared with chronically infected children (20), and a treatment study of infected adults from a highly endemic area of Papua New Guinea provided evidence that resistance to reinfection following treatment was associated with the type-2 cytokine, IL-5 (21).…”

Section: Hookwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geohelminth infections: a review of the role of IgE and assessment of potential risks of anti‐IgE treatment

Cooper

Ayre

Martin

et al. 2008

Allergy

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Geohelminth infections are major parasitic infections with a worldwide distribution. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is considered to play a central role in protective immunity against these parasites although the evidence from experimental animal models infected with helminth parasites and treated with anti‐IgE antibodies and from observational studies in human populations of the immunologic correlates of protective immunity against helminths do not support a critical role for IgE in mediating protection against helminths. Anti‐IgE treatment of human allergic disorders using a humanized monoclonal IgE antibody (omalizumab, Xolair) has been approved for clinical use in the USA and Europe and there is concern that this treatment may be associated with increased morbidity in populations exposed to helminth infections. A recently published randomized controlled trial investigating the risk of geohelminth infections in allergic patients receiving omalizumab in Brazil has provided some evidence that omalizumab may not be associated with increased morbidity attributable to these parasites. This review examines the evidence for a role of IgE in protective immunity against helminth parasites, discusses the findings of the randomized controlled trial, assesses the potential risks and provides recommendations for anti‐IgE treatment in groups of allergic patients with different exposure risks for helminth infections.

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The immunoepidemiology of human hookworm infection

Cited by 59 publications

References 86 publications

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Hookworm virulence factors: making the most of the host

Geohelminth infections: a review of the role of IgE and assessment of potential risks of anti‐IgE treatment

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