“…CACREP (Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs), a professional association that accredits programmes in counseling and related educational fields in the US, announces on their website confidently, 'research shows CACREP graduates perform better on the National Counselor Examination for Licensure and Certification' (CACREP 2017). Indeed, studies show not only that accreditation is perceived by teachers and coordinators to have positive effects on curriculum and educational quality (Holcomb, Bryan, and Rahill 2002), but also that graduates of CACREP accredited programmes are less likely to be sanctioned for ethical misconduct, which is one of the key focus areas of the accreditation (Even and Robinson 2013), and perform better at the national exam (Adams 2006). Nevertheless, it is difficult to determine the causal effect of the accreditation procedure, apart from self-selection of students to accredited programmes, or self-selection of programmes applying for the accreditation.…”