The impact of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures on the performance of end-use equipment: Interchangeability analysis for domestic appliances

Vries, Harmen de; Mokhov, Anatoli; Levinsky, Howard

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.049

Cited by 136 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, [166] found that domestic, commercial and industrial appliances are likely to be suitable for up to a 10% concentration of hydrogen. The authors of [167] revealed that the limits on hydrogen concentration depend on the composition of the natural gas to which the hydrogen is added, distinguishing between fuel-rich premixed appliances and lean premixed appliances, and on the national Wobbe thresholds. The authors of [168] reported that hydrogen up to 30% by volume can be used to improve the lean-burn capability and flame burning velocity of natural gas engines.…”

Section: T31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Existing Barriers for the Market Development of Power to Hydrogen (P2H) in Italy

2020

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New technological solutions are required to control the impact of the increasing presence of renewable energy sources connected to the electric grid that are characterized by unpredictable production (i.e., wind and solar energy). Energy storage is becoming essential to stabilize the grid when a mismatch between production and demand occurs. Among the available solutions, Power to Hydrogen (P2H) is one of the most attractive options. However, despite the potential, many barriers currently hinder P2H market development. The literature reports general barriers and strategies to overcome them, but a specific analysis is fundamental to identifying how these barriers concretely arise in national and regional frameworks, since tailored solutions are needed to foster the development of P2H local market. The paper aims to identify and to analyze the existing barriers for P2H market uptake in Italy. The paper shows how several technical, regulatory and economic issues are still unsolved, resulting in a source of uncertainty for P2H investment. The paper also suggests possible approaches and solutions to address the Italian barriers and to support politics and decision-makers in the definition and implementation of the national hydrogen strategy.

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Section: T31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Existing Barriers for the Market Development of Power to Hydrogen (P2H) in Italy

2020

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“…Thermal The hydrogen addition to natural gas reduces the CO 2 emissions as there is a lower quantity of carbon in the blend to oxidize (see Figure 24). However, since the hydrogen heating value is lower than that of natural gas, the CO 2 emission decrease is non-linear due to the higher amount of fuel required to generate the same heat of combustion [672]. Further, the addition of hydrogen reduces the number of unburned hydrocarbons and CO due to displacement of carbon-containing fuel, and high flammability limits and rapid flame propagation that favor complete combustion [652,673].…”

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 52 of Reduction of the CO2 emissions at constant energy input as a function of the mole fraction of H2 and NG (natural gas) and energy fraction delivered by H2. Reprinted with permission from[672].…”

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confidence: 99%

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

et al. 2020

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Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels, including hydrogen and natural gas, are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are difficult to electrify (e.g., road mobility or high-heat industrial processes), are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid, are suitable for large-size and long-term storage and can be transported through the gas network. This article is an overview of the overall supply chain, including production, transport, storage and end uses. Available fuel conversion technologies use renewable energy for the catalytic conversion of non-fossil feedstocks into hydrogen and syngas. We will show how relevant technologies involve thermochemical, electrochemical and photochemical processes. The syngas quality can be improved by catalytic CO and CO2 methanation reactions for the generation of synthetic natural gas. Finally, the produced gaseous fuels could follow several pathways for transport and lead to different final uses. Therefore, storage alternatives and gas interchangeability requirements for the safe injection of green fuels in the natural gas network and fuel cells are outlined. Nevertheless, the effects of gas quality on combustion emissions and safety are considered.

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“…At final consumer locations, when the concentration of hydrogen at natural gas is high, system adjustment may be required as studied by [54]. A review by [55] shows hydrogen must be preserved at a certain fraction to maintain the performance of domestic appliances in the residential and commercial sectors. In the power sector, modern gas turbine power plants can burn over 50% hydrogen by volume in natural gas.…”

Section: Technical Challenges For Injection Into the Natural Gas Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?

et al. 2020

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The results of a techno-economic model of distributed wind-hydrogen systems (WHS) located at each existing wind farm on the island of Ireland are presented in this paper. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis from wind energy and backed up by grid electricity, compressed before temporarily stored, then transported to the nearest injection location on the natural gas network. The model employs a novel correlation-based approach to select an optimum electrolyser capacity that generates a minimum levelised cost of hydrogen production (LCOH) for each WHS. Three scenarios of electrolyser operation are studied: (1) curtailed wind, (2) available wind, and (3) full capacity operations. Additionally, two sets of input parameters are used: (1) current and (2) future techno-economic parameters. Additionally, two electricity prices are considered: (1) low and (2) high prices. A closest facility algorithm in a geographic information system (GIS) package identifies the shortest routes from each WHS to its nearest injection point. By using current parameters, results show that small wind farms are not suitable to run electrolysers under available wind operation. They must be run at full capacity to achieve sufficiently low LCOH. At full capacity, the future average LCOH is 6–8 €/kg with total hydrogen production capacity of 49 kilotonnes per year, or equivalent to nearly 3% of Irish natural gas consumption. This potential will increase significantly due to the projected expansion of installed wind capacity in Ireland from 5 GW in 2020 to 10 GW in 2030.

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The impact of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures on the performance of end-use equipment: Interchangeability analysis for domestic appliances

Cited by 136 publications

References 22 publications

Analysis of the Existing Barriers for the Market Development of Power to Hydrogen (P2H) in Italy

Analysis of the Existing Barriers for the Market Development of Power to Hydrogen (P2H) in Italy

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?

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