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Quantifies changes in performance for domestic appliances upon hydrogen admixture.• Interchangeability analysis using calculated burning velocities and Wobbe Index.• Calculated maximum hydrogen fractions verified by flashback measurements.• Fuel-rich premixed appliances are critical for flashback.• Composition of the gas to which hydrogen is added determines the maximum admixture.

In this paper theories are given, describing photo physical and photochemical hole burning experiments on molecular mixed crystals at low temperature. Population saturation hole burning is treated for a twolevel system where the lower level is the ground state. Hole burning due to a triplet state acting as a population bottle neck is also described by a steady-state density matrix theory. Connection is made with optical free induction decay. To obtain T, (the decay time of the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix). which is the main goal of these hole burning experiments. a linear extrapolation method is discussed. For photochemical hole buming a time-dependent density matrix treatment is given. Using this theory numerical simulations were performed of the experimental results obtained by Volker and coworkers for porphin in n -octane at low temperature. Good agreement with experiment is obtained. For this case extrapolation methods are discussed in order to obtain reliable T, values. A time-dependent kinetic theory is used to simulate the photochemical hole burning experiments on dimethyl-s-tetrazine in durene and s -tetrazine in benzene. This theory accounts for the recently revealed two-photon character of these photodissociations. It is shown that despite this complication the hole full width at halfmaximum may still equal twice the homogeneous width of the So -S, transition.

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