The impact of natural organic matter seasonal variations in drinking water quality

Teixeira, Margarida Ribau; Nunes, Luís Saboga

doi:10.5004/dwt.2011.2524

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These variations might be seasonal (and not specifically hurricane-related), as other researchers (e.g. [20,21]) have observed similar seasonal changes in the relative proportions of hydrophilic and hydrophobic NOM in natural waters. The stable NOM concentrations in City A led to stable formation of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) in the distribution system, and the TTHM levels remained below the USEPA MCL (80 μg l −1 ) throughout the entire sampling campaign ( figure 1(a)).…”

Section: City Bsupporting

confidence: 68%

Impacts of Hurricane Harvey on drinking water quality in two Texas cities

Landsman

Rowles

Brodfuehrer

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Hurricane Harvey devastated large parts of the US Gulf Coast in 2017, and its floodwaters posed a number of threats to the environment and human health. In particular, an estimated 375 000 Texas residents experienced issues related to the provision of safe drinking water at the peak of the hurricane. In this study, physical, chemical, and biological water quality was monitored in two drinking water systems in Texas following Hurricane Harvey to understand the relationship between water quality parameters and changes in the drinking water microbiota. Results show initial surges in total organic carbon, trihalomethanes, and bacterial concentrations in finished water immediately following Hurricane Harvey. Microbial community analyses highlight the dependence of the distribution system microbiota on distribution system characteristics (i.e. water age), raw water quality, and disinfectant residual, among other factors. While both systems had problems maintaining disinfectant residual in the weeks following the hurricane, stabilization of water quality occurred over time.Overall, this study provides an understanding of the challenges associated with maintaining drinking water quality in the wake of a natural disaster and can be used to better prepare drinking water managers and engineers to combat changing weather patterns in the future.

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Section: City Bsupporting

confidence: 68%

Impacts of Hurricane Harvey on drinking water quality in two Texas cities

Landsman

Rowles

Brodfuehrer

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…For example, the literature criticises the elevated operational cost of membrane-based methods and the sensitivity of membranes for organic matter, resulting in fouling problems and, accordingly, the need for pre-treatment units (Guo et al 2012;Hashim et al 2017). Similarly, the main disadvantages of the adsorption approach are adsorbent depletion and the high manufacturing costs of particular adsorbents (Teixeira & Nunes 2011;Hashim et al 2021b). The disadvantages of the remaining strategies were explored in depth in several studies (Singh et al 2013(Singh et al , 2016Jadhav et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical defluorination of water: an experimental and morphological study

Abdulredha

Al-Samarrai

Hussein

et al. 2022

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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This experimental study concerns the elimination of fluoride from water using an electrocoagulation reactor having a variable flow direction in favour of increasing the electrolysing time, saving the reactor area, and water mixing. The detention time of the space-saver EC reactor (S-SECR) was measured and compared to the traditional reactors using an inert dye (red drain dye). Then, the influence of electrical current (1.5 ≤ δ ≤ 3.5 mA cm−2), pH of water (4 ≤ pH ≤ 10), and distance between electrodes (5 ≤ ϕ ≤ 15) on the defluoridation of water was analysed. The effect of the electrolysing activity on the electrodes' morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the operational cost was calculated. The results confirmed the removal of fluoride using S-SECR met the guideline of the World Health Organization (WHO) for fluoride levels in drinking water of ≤1.5 mg/L. S-SECR abated fluoride concentration from 20 mg/L to the WHO's guideline at δ, ϕ, pH, operational cost, and power consumption of 2.5 mA cm−2, 5 mm, 7, 0.346 USD m−3, and 5.03 kWh m−3, respectively. It was also found the S-SECR enhanced the detention time by 190% compared to the traditional reactors. The appearance of dents and irregularities on the surface of anodes in the SEM images proves the electrolysing process.

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“…The character of NOM depends on catchment characteristics, hydrological pathways, biological predominance, seasonality and climate conditions (Aslam et al 2013, Delpla et al 2009, Teixeira and Nunes 2011. For example, the hydrophilic NOM fraction could contain increasing concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) as a result of shorter water cycles through indirect or direct potable reuse , Leverenz et al 2011, Rodriguez et al 2009).…”

Section: Natural Organic Matter (Nom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

Vera¹,

Andrew²

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The occurrence of natural organic matter (NOM) in source waters presents a concern in water treatment plants due to formation of toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this doctoral thesis, the fate of NOM during ozonation, biofiltration, and chlorination was investigated to identify important aspects in these processes that can be manipulated for better DBP control. Specifically, this thesis studied (1) reaction mechanisms of ozone with dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), an important fraction of NOM that forms nitrogenous DBPs, (2) role of ozone and• OH-mediated attack on NOM and DBP formation during chlorination, and (3) impact of ozonation on biodegradability of DBP precursors.The reaction of ozone with DON (Chapter 4) was observed to produce various transformation products including nitrate (NO 3 -) and ammonium (NH 4 + residual after 24 h = 1 -2 mg/L) as follows: THM4 (37%), HAA8 (44%), CH (107%), HK2 (97%), HAN4 (33%), trichloroacetamide (TCAM, 43%), and AOX (27%), but a decrease in concentrations of THNM2 (43%). Coupling ozonation with biofiltration prior to chlorination effectively lowered the formation potentials of all DBPs including CH, HK2, and THNM2, all of which increased after ozonation. The dynamics of DBP formation potentials during BAC filtration at different EBCTs followed first-order reaction kinetics. Minimum steady-state concentrations were attained at an EBCT of 10 -20 min, depending on the DBP species. The rate of reduction in DBP formation potentials varied among individual species before reaching their minimum concentrations. CH, HK2, and THNM2 had the highest rate constants of between 0.5 and 0.6 min -1 followed by HAN4 (0.4 min -1 ), THM4 (0.3 min -1 ), HAA8 (0.2 min -1 ), and AOX (0.1 min -1 ). Relative to concentrations after ozonation, the reduction in formation potential for most DBPs (e.g., at 15 min EBCT) was less than 50% but was higher than 70% for CH, HK2, and THNM2. The formation of bromine-containing DBPs increased with increasing EBCT likely due to an increase in Br -/DOC ratio.-iv- Dr. Wolfgang Gernjak co-advised me during my PhD candidature and played an integral part in all the chapters of this thesis. He was involved in the initial conceptual thinking, to developing research ideas, identifying appropriate experimental design, and interpreting research data. He also provided critical reviews in all the manuscripts. Declaration by authorDr. Maria José Farré, who was my principal advisor in 2013, is recognized for sharing her expertise in disinfection byproduct research (i.e., from laboratory techniques, instrumentation, and theory). Our regular exchange of viewpoints were essential in the conception of research ideas and approaches related to DBPs. She was also highly involved in the writing and review of manuscripts.Prof. Urs von Gunten, who is a world-leading expert in application of ozone for water treatment, was my host professor during my research visit at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)where I performed the bulk of the experiments repor...

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The impact of natural organic matter seasonal variations in drinking water quality

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Impacts of Hurricane Harvey on drinking water quality in two Texas cities

Impacts of Hurricane Harvey on drinking water quality in two Texas cities

Electrochemical defluorination of water: an experimental and morphological study

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

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