The Impact of Sediment-Associated Contaminants from the Niagara River Mouth on Various Size Assemblages of Phytoplankton

Munawar, M.; Mudroch, A.; Munawar, I. F.; Thomas, R. L.

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(83)71899-x

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The lower sensitivity of the mi-(50% to 70% reduction in 14C uptake with maxcroplankton to contaminants has already been imum dose over the control), whereas there is observed (Munawar et al, 1983(Munawar et al, , 1985. The relittle response to the Chelex elutriate.…”

Section: Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…of Engineers 1977). An aliquot of this elutriate was passed through a column containing Chelex-100 resin to remove the soluble metals, and is designated the Chelex elutriate (Munawar et al, 1983(Munawar et al, , 1985. Organic extraction of sediment-associated contaminants indicates the ultimate potential for toxic effects, in particular due to hydrophobic compounds such as PCBs, PAHs, etc...…”

Section: Sample Analysis and Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AFB test measures the assimilation of carbon-14 by the natural phytoplankton contained in a lake water sample screened at 200 pm to remove zooplankton. This sample is exposed in triplicate to increasing doses of elutriate for 4 h under standard incubation conditions at lake water temperature and constant illumination (Munawar et al, 1983(Munawar et al, , 1985. At the end of the incubation, the phytoplankton is separated by filtration into microplankton (algae 20 pm) and nanoplankton &m).…”

Section: Sample Analysis and Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we concentrate on the ecotoxicity associated with suspended sediments of the Rhone River as determined by three acute bioassay procedures. Both Daphnia magna and Microtox@ are widely used and adopted techniques, while the algal fractionation bioassay (AFB) with natural phytoplankton (Munawar et al, 1983(Munawar et al, , 1985 is used as the ambient test in conditions close to those in the natural system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative ecotoxicity of suspended sediment in the lower Rhone River using algal fractionation, Microtox® and Daphnia magna bioassays

et al. 1993

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The toxicity associated with suspended sediments from the Rhone River (Switzerland-France) was determined with three acute bioassays. Large volume water samples were centrifuged for recovery of suspended solids in November 1989; one sample was taken as a control upstream from Lake Geneva and the 9 remainder downstream from Geneva to the Mediterranean Sea, with a single sample of the major tributary the Saone at Lyon. Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and organic contaminants (OCs, PCBs, PAHs) bound to sediment were analysed and extracted by elutriation with filtered lake water and by organic solvent ( dichloromethane ). Sediment water elutriates were tested with algal fractionation bioassays (AFB) using Lake Geneva ambient phytoplankton, with Daphnia magna and Microtox® acute toxicity tests, whereas organic extracts were utilized in the latter two bioassays to evaluate the potential sediment toxicity. The bulk analyses of the sediment together with elutriate metal concentrations indicated the highest contamination of sediment downstream of Lyon. Medium contamination appeared for the stations downstream of Geneva, in the Saone River and at the Rhone River mouth. The station upstream of Lyon had low concentrations, comparable to the values in the Upper Rhone. Organic contaminants are mainly observed downstream of Lyon and their concentrations decline onwards to the sea. The bioassays Microtox ® on organic extracts and AFB on the elutriates show a similar toxicity trend, but differ in that Microtox was more sensitive to organics whereas the algal test responded predominantly to metals. This difference is believed to be due to the different extraction procedures used, rather than to the tests themselves. Daphnia magna was the least sensitive and appeared to give a broader band response to the observed contaminants in the sediment. The bioassay results when integrated confirm that the biotoxicity trends relate well to the composition of the sediment, a factor which emphasizes the need for battery testing in ecotoxicological assessment

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Section: Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Sample Analysis and Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Analysis and Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative ecotoxicity of suspended sediment in the lower Rhone River using algal fractionation, Microtox® and Daphnia magna bioassays

et al. 1993

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“…These samples were then compared to the control, to which no elutriate had been added. Incubation and sizefractionation procedures were similar to those described earlier (Munawar et al, 1983;.…”

Section: Sediment Elutriate Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ bioassessment of dredging and disposal activities in a contaminated ecosystem: Toronto Harbour

Munawar

Norwood

McCarthy³

et al. 1989

Hydrobiologia

Self Cite

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The contamination of Toronto Harbour is a very serious problem. The major sources of pollution are the Don River and sewer outflows, as well as industrial, and municipal effluents. The problem is further compounded by perturbations of the toxic sediment caused by dredging, dredge-disposal, navigation, and recreational activities. The impact of contamination and nutrient enrichment was reflected in the sizefractionated primary productivity experiments. Generally, microplankton/netplankton (> 20 im) productivity was enhanced whereas ultraplankton (< 20 Jm) productivity was inhibited. These observations are attributable to interactions between ameliorating nutrients and toxic contaminants as well as to the differential sensitivity of natural phytoplankton size assemblages to the bioavailable chemical regime. In situ environmental techniques applied in Toronto Harbour were effective, sensitive, and rapid, and provided a better understanding of the impact of dredging/disposal activities under natural conditions. These techniques have great potential in the assessment of the ecotoxicology of harbours and other stressed environments.

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Benthic invertebrate bioassays with toxic sediment and pore water

Giesy

Rosiu

Graney

et al. 1990

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The relative sensitivities of bioassays to determine the toxicity of sediments were investigated and three methods of making the sample dilutions required to generate dose‐response relationships were compared. The assays studied were: (a) Microtox®, a 15‐min assay of Photobacterium phosphoreum bioluminescence inhibition by pore water; (b) 48‐h Daphnia magna lethality test in pore water; (c) 10‐d subchronic assay of lethality to and reduction of weight gain by Chironomus tentans performed in either whole sediment or pore water; (d) 168‐h acute lethality assay of Hexagenia limbata in either whole sediment or pore water. The three methods of diluting sediments were: (a) extracting pore water from the toxic location and dilution with pore water from the control station; (b) diluting whole sediment from the toxic location with control whole sediment from a reference location, then extracting pore water; and (c) diluting toxic, whole sediment with whole sediment from a reference location, then using the whole sediment in bioassays. Based on lethality, H. limbata was the most sensitive organism to the toxicity of Detroit River sediment. Lethality of D. magna in pore water was similar to that of H. limbata in whole sediment and can be used to predict effects of whole sediment toxicity to H. limbata. The concentration required to cause a 50% reduction in C. tentans growth (10‐d EC50) was approximately that which caused 50% lethality of D. magna (48‐h LC50) and was similar to the toxicity that restricts benthic invertebrate colonization of contaminated sediments. While the three dilution techniques gave similar results with some assays, they gave very different results in other assays. The dose‐response relationships determined by the three dilution techniques would be expected to vary with sediment, toxicant and bioassay type, and the dose‐response relationship derived from each technique needs to be interpreted accordingly.

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The Impact of Sediment-Associated Contaminants from the Niagara River Mouth on Various Size Assemblages of Phytoplankton

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

Comparative ecotoxicity of suspended sediment in the lower Rhone River using algal fractionation, Microtox® and Daphnia magna bioassays

Comparative ecotoxicity of suspended sediment in the lower Rhone River using algal fractionation, Microtox® and Daphnia magna bioassays

In situ bioassessment of dredging and disposal activities in a contaminated ecosystem: Toronto Harbour

Benthic invertebrate bioassays with toxic sediment and pore water

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