The impact of the transition from broad-spectrum hunting to sheep herding on human meat consumption: Multi-isotopic analyses of human bone collagen at Aşıklı Höyük, Turkey

Itahashi, Yu; Stiner, Mary C.; Erdal, Ömür Dilek; Duru, Güneş; Erdal, Yılmaz Selim; Miyake, Yutaka; Güral, Demet; Yoneda, Minoru; Özbaşaran, Mihriban

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2021.105505

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…2.1 ± 0.1 and 2.1 ± 0.1, respectively, which is very slightly higher than the TP ter of sheep and goats at the same sites (2.0 ± 0.0 and 2.0 ± 0.1, respectively) (Itahashi et al, 2017(Itahashi et al, , 2021; Table 5 and Figure 4). Therefore, the diets of wild boars in the Neolithic period appear to have been highly dependent on plants, as previously assumed (Ballari and Barrios-García, 2014).…”

Section: Compound-specific Nitrogen Isotope Analysis Of Individual Am...mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…At the Neolithic Houjiazhai site (5300-3200 cal BC), the δ 13 C col value of S. scrofa indicated that they belonged to a C 3 plant ecosystem, whereas their δ 15 N col value varied widely, from as low as that of Sika deer to as high as that of tigers (Dai et al, 2019). Similarly, at Tianluoshan, a middle Neolithic site (5000-4000 cal BC) in Zhejiang Province where human populations consumed mainly rice, the δ 15 N col value of S. scrofa varied significantly, ranging from as low as that of Sika deer to as high as that of dogs (Itahashi et al, 2021). These results are attributed to the human consumption of wild boars with low δ 15 N col and domesticated pigs with high δ 15 N col in Houjiazhai and Tianluoshan.…”

Section: Isotopic Compositions In Pigs In Prehistoric East Asia Isoto...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pig management in the Neolithic Near East and East Asia clarified with isotope analyses of bulk collagen and amino acids

Itahashi

2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The chemical analysis of animal bones from ancient sites has become a common approach in archeological research investigating animal utilization and domestication by past humans. Although several chemical indicators have been used to determine pig management practices in ancient societies, one indicator that can clarify human-animal relationships in the early stages of domestication is the change in the animal’s diet from its wild diet, which can be detected using isotope analysis of its bones. Omnivores, such as boars, are assumed to have shared foods with humans as their interaction increased, and a shift in the isotopic (carbon and nitrogen) compositions of their bone collagen toward humans are considered evidence of domestication. This approach has found evidence of early-stage pig management with human leftovers and feces in prehistoric East Asia, including in Neolithic China, Korea and Japan. However, in the Near East, one of the origins of animal domestication, even individual animals considered to be domesticated pigs according to zooarcheological data (such as morphological characteristics and mortality patterns) display isotopic compositions of bulk collagen that differ from those of humans but are close to those of herbivores. This result indicates that these pigs were fed special foods, such as legumes, rather than human leftovers or feces. However, the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of the bulk collagen of herbivores found at the same sites showed huge variations, so the interpretation of the pigs’ diet is consequently unclear. In this study, a compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis was used to clarify the pig diet and management strategies unique to the Neolithic Near East, Turkey and Syria, together with a carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bulk collagen. This study examines the diversity of pig management techniques in early agricultural societies and their relationship with the availability of other domestic animals and farming practices.

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Section: Compound-specific Nitrogen Isotope Analysis Of Individual Am...mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Isotopic Compositions In Pigs In Prehistoric East Asia Isoto...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig management in the Neolithic Near East and East Asia clarified with isotope analyses of bulk collagen and amino acids

Itahashi

2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…By the time of Level 3, architectural density, community growth and debris accumulation increased signi cantly, while penning arrangements became more extensive. Meanwhile, the proportion of animal protein in the human diet did not change (Itahashi et al 2021), and only minor increases in cereal cultivation have been documented (Ergun et al 2018). Circular/oval buildings and quadrangular ones occur together within the later sub-phases of Level 3 (Özbaşaran et al 2018;Duru et al 2021).…”

Section: Aim Of Research and Presentation Of The Site Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kerpiç production and environmental dynamics in an early sedentary community: Micromorphological evidence from Aşıklı Höyük, Central Anatolia (Turkey)

Uzdurum

Mentzer

Duru

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This article illustrates how changes in the sediment source, tempering strategies, and shaping process in early Neolithic earthen architecture in Aşıklı Höyük have a major impact on many aspects of techno-environmental know-how traces. Archaeological micromorphology analyses of sun-dried mudbricks (in Turkey, called a specific term: kerpiç), mortars, daub, and their paleoenvironmental contexts were used to examine the tempo and modes of exploitation of the local environment, and chaîne opératoire of kerpiç and mortar recipes, and the possible reasons behind the relationships among material choices, building forms, and wall construction techniques of the earlier inhabitants in Central Anatolia during the establishment of the early settlement, i.e. 8400-7750 BCE. The nature of and changes in the built environment can be traced especially through the mortar recipes, that provide various insights into the agro-pastoral activities at the site, including middens, open areas, and penning deposits. During the early Neolithic occupation at Aşıklı Höyük, vegetal tempering occurs as a micro-invention was developed in relation with the management of fecal and domestic waste used in construction materials. Furthermore, the variability of tempering strategies can be regarded as a cognitive development that resulted from the long-term learning and experimentation background of the Aşıklı people in kerpiç production. The main motivation behind these changes and testing of the recipes was the need for more durable and long-lasting construction of earthen buildings as used by this early sedentary community in the region.

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“…The literature states that stable isotopes [11][12][13] are most commonly used as the basis for judging whether a bone is contaminated. However, the process of sample pretreatment and testing is complicated, and requires accurate operation, as well as there being certain requirements regarding sample size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Analytical Study on Excavated Human Bones in the Burial Environment at Shenna Ruins, Qinghai, China

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Coatings

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Excavated human bones are important materials for revealing information about ancient human food, the ancient environment and the ancient climate, and the origins of ancient humans. Often, the chemical composition and biological characteristics of bones have changed to varying degrees, which means that they are contaminated and cannot be used for further analysis. Through research on the correlation between human bones excavated from a burial environment and their state of preservation, judging whether the excavated bones are contaminated is a prerequisite for scientific analysis, environmental archeology, and research on ancient human recipes. In this paper, human bones excavated from the Shenna ruins and the contamination of them in the burial environment has been judged using craniofacial measurement characteristics, pH measurement, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform red external light spectrum (FTIR), and stable isotope tests (SIT). However, the organic compositions of the remains at Shenna are decomposed to a large degree, and the inorganic structure has been destroyed, which will eventually cause looseness and porosity, and the compositions of inorganic minerals in the human bones have not been changed or contaminated. The results indicate that the burial environment at Shenna accelerated the deterioration of human bones, but it has not affected the typical character of the human bone, and the human bones extracted can still be used for further trace element testing. Moreover, this can help to reduce the effort required to reveal information about ancient human food, as well as the need for further studies of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate in the Shenna ruins.

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The impact of the transition from broad-spectrum hunting to sheep herding on human meat consumption: Multi-isotopic analyses of human bone collagen at Aşıklı Höyük, Turkey

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Pig management in the Neolithic Near East and East Asia clarified with isotope analyses of bulk collagen and amino acids

Pig management in the Neolithic Near East and East Asia clarified with isotope analyses of bulk collagen and amino acids

Kerpiç production and environmental dynamics in an early sedentary community: Micromorphological evidence from Aşıklı Höyük, Central Anatolia (Turkey)

Multi-Analytical Study on Excavated Human Bones in the Burial Environment at Shenna Ruins, Qinghai, China

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