The Importance of Detector Acquisition Rate in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)

LLera, Kristie; Luspay‐Kuti, A.; Libardoni, Mark

doi:10.1080/01496395.2013.866961

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For this reason almost all of the commonly used detectors for one-dimensional gas chromatography (GC) have been adapted and tested for their applicability as a GC × GC detector to gather as much selective information as possible about the separated compounds. However, there are important requirements for GC × GC detectors; these detectors need to have a large dynamic range, a high acquisition frequency, as well as exhibit sensitivity and selectivity . Currently, the only detectors which meet all of the above-mentioned criteria in a sufficient manner, are fast mass spectrometric detection systems like time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) or the latest generation quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, there are important requirements for GC × GC detectors; these detectors need to have a large dynamic range, a high acquisition frequency, as well as exhibit sensitivity and selectivity. 18 Currently, the only detectors which meet all of the above-mentioned criteria in a sufficient manner, are fast mass spectrometric detection systems like time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) or the latest generation quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). 20 Even though these MS detectors have been already established as standard selective detectors for GC × GC, there has been a noticeable amount of development for the aforementioned MS-technologies over the last decades mainly regarding mass accuracy and mass resolution 21−23 as well as different ionization techniques, 24−26 all of which have demonstrated their benefits.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Array Spectrometer as a Selective Detector for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography: Concept and First Results

et al. 2016

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Fast and selective detectors are very interesting for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). This is particularly true if the detector system can provide additional spectroscopic information on the compound structure and/or functionality. Other than mass spectrometry (MS), only optical spectroscopic detectors are able to provide selective spectral information. However, until present the application of optical spectroscopy technologies as universal detectors for GC × GC has been restricted mainly due to physical limitations such as insufficient acquisition speed or high detection limits. A recently developed simultaneous-detection spectrometer working in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of 125-240 nm overcomes these limitations and meets all the criteria of a universal detector for GC × GC. Peak shape and chromatographic resolution is preserved and unique spectral information, complementary to mass spectrometry data, is gained. The power of this detector is quickly recognized as it has the ability to discriminate between isomeric compounds or difficult to separate structurally related isobaric species; thus, it provides additional selectivity. A further promising feature of this detector is the data analysis concept of spectral filtering, which is accomplished by targeting special electronic transitions that allows for a fast screening of GC × GC chromatograms for designated compound classes.

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A Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Array Spectrometer as a Selective Detector for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography: Concept and First Results

et al. 2016

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“…After a user-determined time has been reached, R2 turns off and the ions are released to the microchannel plate (MCP) detector. The extraction, trapping, and mass analysis are performed at kHz rates to enable detection of fast elution of gas chromatography peaks …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction, trapping, and mass analysis are performed at kHz rates to enable detection of fast elution of gas chromatography peaks. 51 For the MEMS GC−MS experiments, the MBTOF mass spectrometer (Figure 3) is operated in a two bounce (three passes or lengths of the analyzer) mode. This mode provides increased mass resolution but reduces the collected mass range versus linear mode, where the entire mass range is collected per extraction.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Coupling of a MEMS Gas Chromatograph and a Mass Spectrometer for Organic Analysis in Space Environments

Libardoni

Miller

et al. 2020

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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The mass spectrometer for planetary exploration (MASPEX) is a versatile mass spectrometer with unprecedented mass resolution designed for spaceflight. However, the current version of MASPEX is designed for continuous sampling during flybys of planetary bodies and does not include gas chromatography, which can improve the analysis of complex mixtures of organic compounds in space environments. Here, micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gas chromatography (GC) linearity, reproducibility, and column analytical performance were first demonstrated prior to the coupling to MASPEX for MEMS GC−mass spectrometer (MS) analyses. Linearity of response was demonstrated for n-hexane over 2 orders of magnitude of on-column mass (concentration). Retention time reproducibility in the MEMS GC was ≤2% relative standard deviation (RSD). MEMS GC column analytical performance calculations showed the average number of theoretical plates, N, and the height equivalent to a theoretical plate, HETP, to be 16 239 (1623 plates per meter) and 0.062 cm, respectively. N defines a chromatographic centroid peak apex divided by the peak width at half height, similar to mass resolution. When coupled to MASPEX, the retention time reproducibility was in a similar range of 1−2% relative standard deviation with a slightly larger deviation seen from the mass spectrometer detector due to start trigger variations with a manual start trigger in the FastFlight software compared to the LabView code used for the MEMS GC−MS testing. The collected mass spectra showed close consistency with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference mass spectra providing confidence in chemical compound identification. We present the first data generated from the coupling of these devices.

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“…However, the coupling of the two columns requires thermal modulation and for MEMS systems requires the development of robust and dependable micro thermal modulation devices. Thermally modulated peaks can also be very narrow, hence the increased sensitivity, but require fast acquisition rate detectors (Blase et al, 2014). In this regard, the TOF mass spectrometer is a perfectly suited detector.…”

Section: Gc × Gc-fid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS GC Column Performance for Analyzing Organics and Biological Molecules for Future Landed Planetary Missions

Libardoni

Miller

et al. 2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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We present a novel, innovative approach to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) columns that improve the current, state-of-the-art by dramatically reducing the size, mass, and power resources for deploying GC for future landed missions. The outlet of the MEMS GC column was coupled to a prototype of the MAss Spectrometer for Planetary EXploration (MASPEX) through a heated transfer line into the ion source. MEMS GC-MS experiments were performed to demonstrate linearity of response and establish limit of detection (LOD) to alkanes (organics), fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and chemically derivatized amino acids (biological molecules). Linearity of response to each chemical family was demonstrated over two orders of magnitude dynamic range and limit of detection (LOD) values were single to tens (4–43) of picomoles per 1 μl injection volume. MEMS GC column analytical performance was also demonstrated for a “Mega Mix” of chemical analytes including organics and biological molecules. Chromatographic resolution exceeded 200, retention time reproducibility was << 1% RSD (majority ≤ 0.3%), and peak capacity values calculated to be 124 ± 2 over a 435 s retention time window. The 5.5 m MEMS column was also shown to be a suitable alternative to traditional commercial columns for use in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). Mass spectra collected from MASPEX showed close consistency with National Institute of Technology (NIST) reference mass spectra and were used for high confidence identification of all eluting analytes.

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The Importance of Detector Acquisition Rate in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

A Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Array Spectrometer as a Selective Detector for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography: Concept and First Results

A Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Array Spectrometer as a Selective Detector for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography: Concept and First Results

Experimental Coupling of a MEMS Gas Chromatograph and a Mass Spectrometer for Organic Analysis in Space Environments

MEMS GC Column Performance for Analyzing Organics and Biological Molecules for Future Landed Planetary Missions

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