The In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils and Antifungal Drugs Against Prototheca zopfii

Grzesiak, Barbara; Głowacka, Anna; Krukowski, Henryk; Lisowski, A.; Lassa, H.; Sienkiewicz, Monika

doi:10.1007/s11046-016-9994-6

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, there is a constant need for new effective drugs against Prototheca algae. In a quest for such agents, various chemical compounds have been investigated including plant-derived flavonoids, polyphenols, essential oils, hormones (Turchetti et al, 2005 ; Buzzini et al, 2008a ; Tortorano et al, 2008 ; Wawron et al, 2013 ; Bouari et al, 2014 ; Grzesiak et al, 2016 ), animal-derived lactoferrin (Kawai et al, 2007 ), iodine-based products (Cunha et al, 2010 ; Salerno et al, 2010 ; Lassa et al, 2011 ; Răpuntean et al, 2015 ; Jagielski et al, 2017a ), guanidine (Alves et al, 2017 ) or silver nanoparticles (Jagielski et al, unpublished data). Although the results for some of these compounds are promising, their use seems to be largely limited to external and disinfectant (antiseptic) rather than therapeutic applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis

et al. 2018

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Protothecosis is an unusual infection of both humans and animals caused by opportunistically pathogenic microalgae of the genus Prototheca. Until now, no standardized treatment protocols exist for the protothecal disease, boosted by a remarkable resistance of Prototheca spp. to a wide array of antimicrobial agents currently available in clinical use. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new effective drugs against Prototheca algae. In this study, the anti-Prototheca activity of 3-bromopyruvate (3BP), either alone or in combination with amphotericin B (AMB) was assessed in vitro, as well as the cytotoxicity of 3BP toward the bovine mammary epithelial cells and murine skin fibroblasts. The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum algaecidal concentrations (MAC) were 0.85 ± 0.21 and 2.25 ± 0.54 mM for Prototheca wickerhamii, 1.25 ± 0.47 and 4.8 ± 1.03 mM for Prototheca blaschkeae, and 1.55 ± 0.69 and 5.6 ± 1.3 mM for Prototheca zopfii gen. 2, respectively. For all Prototheca strains tested, a synergistic interaction between 3BP and AMB was observed, resulting in about 4-fold reduction of their individual MICs, when used together. The elevated content of intracellular glutathione (GSH) was associated with a decreased susceptibility to 3BP. Both epithelial and fibroblast cells retained high viability upon treatment with 3BP at concentrations equivalent to the highest MIC recorded (3 mM) and 10-fold higher (30 mM), with the mean cell viability exceeding 80%, essentially the same as for the untreated cells. The results from these in vitro studies emphasize the high activity of 3BP against the Prototheca algae, its synergistic effect when used in combination with AMB, and the safety of the drug toward the tested mammalian cells. Along with the advantageous physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties, 3BP may be considered an effective and safe novel agent against the protothecal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis

et al. 2018

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“…All the aforesaid issues have recently stimulated the increasing interest toward the in vitro activity of various chemicals against Prototheca spp. (Melville et al, 2002;Marques et al, 2006;Buzzini et al, 2008;Cunha et al, 2010;Jagielski et al, 2012;Tomasinsig et al, 2012;Chang et al, 2013;Bouari et al, 2014;Grzesiak et al, 2016;Morandi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the in vitro activity of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate and amphotericin B against Prototheca spp. isolates from European dairy herds

Jagielski

Bakuła

Mauro

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro effect of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) and amphotericin B (AMB) on Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 and Prototheca blaschkeae isolates recovered from dairy herds of Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, and Poland. The combination of IPBC with AMB on Prototheca isolates and toxicity of IPBC to the bovine mammary epithelial cells were also evaluated. The in vitro activity of IPBC and AMB against 96 isolates of P. zopfii genotype 2 and 42 isolates of P. blaschkeae was performed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum algicidal concentrations (MAC) of IPBC and AMB were determined. To determine any synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect of the combination of IPBC and AMB, 2-dimensional checkerboard combination tests were also performed to calculate fractional inhibitory concentrations. Cytotoxicity analysis of IPBC to the bovine mammary epithelial cell line was performed using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The MIC for 50 and 90% of isolates (MIC and MIC, respectively) for IPBC were 4 and 8 mg/L versus 0.5 and 1 mg/L for AMB, respectively. The MIC profiles differed between P. zopfii genotype 2 and P. blaschkeae, with the latter species being more susceptible to both compounds. The MIC and MIC of IPBC were 4 and 8 mg/L for P. zopfii genotype 2 and 1 and 2 mg/L for P. blaschkeae, respectively. The MIC and MIC of AMB were both 1 mg/L for P. zopfii genotype 2 and 0.25 and 1 mg/L for P. blaschkeae, respectively. Both IPBC and AMB exhibited the ability to kill Prototheca spp. The MAC for 90% of isolates of IPBC was twice the MIC, whereas an 8-fold increase of the MIC was algicidal in the case of AMB. Overall, the combined use of IPBC and AMB exhibited an increased algicidal effect, albeit the fractional inhibitory concentration index showed synergistic activity only against 3 P. zopfii genotype 2 isolates. For all the remaining isolates (87.5%), this combination produced only an additive effect. The MTT assay results showed both IPBC and AMB, at the concentrations employed in the study, to be nontoxic to the epithelial mammary gland cells (cell viability >90%). Notably, only IPBC at the highest concentration (i.e., 8 mg/L) exerted a slight cytotoxic effect on the cell line tested (mean cell viability: 88.54 ± 3.88 and 90.66 ± 3.0, after 2 and 4 h of MTT treatment, respectively). The anti-Prototheca activity of IPBC was here demonstrated for the first time. In addition, the combined use of IPBC with AMB enhanced each other's effect, creating an additive rather than synergistic interaction. Both agents, used at concentrations corresponding to MIC values against Prototheca spp., showed no toxic effect for the mammary epithelial cells. In conclusion, IPBC, used either alone or in combination with AMB, can be considered a promising option in the treatment armamentarium for protothecal mastitis in dairy cows.

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“…Thyme EO was reported to show antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens due to high content of thymol (38.1%) and p -cymene (29.1%) [ 47 , 74 ]. Phenolic compound—thymol, the main component of thyme EO—is reported to disintegrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and make bacterial cytoplasmic membrane more permeable to ATP [ 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study used the following ten commercially available essential oils (dr Beta, Pollena Aroma, Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, Poland): anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary and thyme. The composition of tested EOs was presented in Table 1 , based on data obtained from previous studies analyzing the EOs’ composition by gas chromatography with flame-ionization and mass spectroscopic detection (GC-FID-MS) [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ] or data from European Pharmacopoeia [ 53 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

et al. 2020

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Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S. mutans and L. acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C. albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S. mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S. mutans and C. albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L. acidophilus.

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The In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils and Antifungal Drugs Against Prototheca zopfii

Abstract: The tested essential oils can be used to complement protothecosis therapy in animals and human beings.

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis

3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis

A comparative study of the in vitro activity of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate and amphotericin B against Prototheca spp. isolates from European dairy herds

An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

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