The incidence of traumatic brain injury in Tehran, Iran

Ahadi, Reza; Riahi, Esmail; Daneshi, Abdolhadi; Golchini, Ehsan

doi:10.1080/02699052.2018.1429658

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The most and least frequent CT-scan findings were EH (n = 24, 42.3%) and midline shift and intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 6, 10.8%), respectively. In Ahadi et al's study, concussion, diffuse brain injury (DAI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SH), and EH occurred in 14 (0.4), 1 018 (26.7%), 551 (14.4), 787 (20.6), 1 018 (26.7%) participants, respectively (39). In Brown et al's study, SH, EH, and DAI rates were equal to 28%, 11%, and 2%, respectively (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the reported TBI incidence rate among American 0-4-year-old children and older adults was equal to 1 188 and 234 per 100 000 individuals, respectively (38). Ahadi et al reported in a study in Tehran, Iran, that the TBI incidence rates were 31.5% and 12.3% in the 21-30 and 41 -50 age groups, respectively (39). Due to the high TBI incidence rate, various complications, such as PTE, are caused (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Post-traumatic Epilepsy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries

Mohammadi,

Hatefi,

Rahmatian

et al. 2024

Arch Neurosci

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Background: Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the types of epilepsy, which is a complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs after TBI or 7 days later. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the risk factors for PTE in patients with TBI. Methods: The computed tomography (CT)-scan results of all TBI patients were investigated in this retrospective study. At first, initial evaluation, including the examination of airways, vital signs, and breathing, was performed, and the level of consciousness was checked according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for all traumatic patients. Then, the results of all CT scans were evaluated by a neurologist. If the patient had PTE, she/he was included in the study. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics in SPSS software (version 16). Results: The results showed that mild, moderate, and severe GCS scores were reported in 8 (14.3%), 30 (52.5%), and 18 (32.2%) participants, respectively. Vehicle accidents were the main cause of TBI (n = 34, 60%), and the lowest TBI rate was due to other cases (n = 4, 7.2%). The most and least frequent CT-scan finding was epidural hemorrhage (EH) (n = 24, 42.3%) and midline shift and intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 6, 10.8%), respectively. A total of 24 patients (42.3%) had tonic epilepsy, and 10 patients (17.9%) had epilepsy duration of more than 10 minutes. Conclusions: The most frequent risk factors included vehicles, falling from a height, and strikes, respectively. Additionally, the most common CT scan findings included EH and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SH). Motor vehicle accidents account for the highest rate of TBI-related PTE. For this reason, it is necessary to take preventive measures in this regard.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Post-traumatic Epilepsy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries

Mohammadi,

Hatefi,

Rahmatian

et al. 2024

Arch Neurosci

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“…It is an important contributing factor of morbidity and mortality in adult and pediatric population worldwide [1, 2]. Recently, substantial evidence confirms that the annual global incidence and prevalence rate of TBI increased progressively over the past years [3]. It seriously damages people's quality of life and results in a massive economic toll [4–6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Network Pharmacology Analysis to Explore the Effect ofAstragali Radix-Radix Angelica Sinensison Traumatic Brain Injury

Xie

Peng

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. The herb pair Astragali Radix (AR)-Radix Angelica Sinensis (RAS) is a common prescribed herbal formula or is added to other Chinese medicine prescriptions for traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the active ingredients and action targets of AR-RAS based on the combined methods of network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification. Furthermore, the corresponding potential mechanisms of “multicomponents, multitargets, and multipathways” were disclosed. Methods. A network pharmacology approach including ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) filter analysis, target prediction, known therapeutic targets collection, Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment analysis, and network construction was used in this study. Further verification experiments were performed to reveal the therapeutic effects of AR-RAS in a rat model of TBI. Results. The comprehensive systematic approach was to successfully identify 14 bioactive ingredients in AR-RAS, while 33 potential targets hit by these ingredients related to TBI. Based on GO annotation analysis, multiple biological processes were significantly regulated by AR-RAS. In addition, 89 novel signaling pathways (P<0.05) underlying the effects of AR-RAS for TBI treatment were identified by DAVID. The neurotrophin signaling pathway was suggested as the major related pathway targeted by AR-RAS to improve axonal growth. The animal experiment confirmed that AR-RAS significantly induced tissue recovery and improved neurological deficits on the 14th day (P<0.01). Treatment with AR-RAS markedly reduced the protein and mRNA expression level of NogoA in the hippocampus of TBI rats. Conclusion. Our work illuminates the “multicompounds, multitargets, and multipathways” curative action of AR-RAS in the treatment of TBI by network pharmacology. The animal experiment verifies the effects of AR-RAS on neurological function improvement and axonal outgrowth via downregulation of NogoA expression, providing a theoretical basis for further research on treatment of TBI.

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Hypertonic saline or mannitol for treating elevated intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Huang

et al. 2018

Neurosurg Rev

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Hyperosmolar therapy is regarded as the mainstay for treatment of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This still has been disputed as application of hypertonic saline (HS) or mannitol for treating patients with severe TBI. Thus, this meta-analysis was performed to further compare the advantages and disadvantages of mannitol with HS for treating elevated ICP after TBI. We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Wan Fang Data, VIP Data, SinoMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Studies were included or not based on the quality assessment by the Jadad scale and selection criteria. Twelve RCTs with 438 patients were enrolled for the meta-analysis. The comparison of HS and mannitol indicated that they were close in field of improving function outcome (RR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.54, p = 0.258) and reducing intracranial pressure (MD = - 0.16, 95% CI: - 0.59 to 0.27, p = 0.473) and mortality (RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.16, p = 0.216). The pooled relative risk of successful ICP control was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.13, p = 0.044), demonstrating that HS was more effective than mannitol in ICP management. Both serum sodium (WMD = 5.30, 95% CI: 4.37 to 6.22, p < 0.001) and osmolality (WMD = 3.03, 95% CI: 0.18 to 5.88, p = 0.037) were increased after injection of hypertonic saline. The results do not lend a specific recommendation to select hypertonic saline or mannitol as a first-line for the patients with elevated ICP caused by TBI. However, for the refractory intracranial hypertension, hypertonic saline seems to be preferred.

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The incidence of traumatic brain injury in Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The mechanism of TBI, the type of head injuries, and accompanying spine and abdominal injuries were significant prognostic factors in traumatic patients.

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Risk Factors for Post-traumatic Epilepsy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries

Risk Factors for Post-traumatic Epilepsy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries

A Network Pharmacology Analysis to Explore the Effect ofAstragali Radix-Radix Angelica Sinensison Traumatic Brain Injury

Hypertonic saline or mannitol for treating elevated intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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