The inefficient transfer of maternally fed alcohol to nursing rats

Swiatek, Kenneth R.; Dombrowski, George J.; Chao, Kuen-Lan

doi:10.1016/0741-8329(86)90040-6

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…That is, alcohol is not stored in breast milk; rather, its presence parallels that found in maternal plasma, peaking approximately one-half hour to an hour after the cessation of drinking and decreasing thereafter (Lawton, 1985;Mennella & Beauchamp, 1991). Contrary to popular belief but consistent with the results of several animal-model studies (Heil & Subramanian, 2000;Oyama et al, 2000;Subramanian, 1995Subramanian, , 1999Subramanian & Abel, 1988;Swiatek et al, 1986;Vilaró et al, 1987), infants actually ingest less milk at the breast in the hours immediately after maternal alcohol consumption (Mennella & Beauchamp, 1991. This diminished intake is due, in part, to a direct effect of alcohol on milk production by the mother (Mennella, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sleep disturbances after acute exposure to alcohol in mothers’ milk

Mennella

Garcia-Gomez

2001

Alcohol

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The results of previous research in our laboratory revealed that breast-fed infants experience significantly less active sleep after exposure to alcohol in their mothers' milk than do breast-fed infants not exposed to alcohol. The present study tested the hypothesis that infants would compensate for such reductions if their mothers then refrained from drinking alcohol. To this end, 23 breast-fed infants from 3 to 5 months of age and their mothers were tested on 2 days separated by 1 week. A small, computerized movement detector, an actigraph, was placed on the infants' left ankles to monitor sleep and activity patterning after which they were bottle fed mother's milk alone (control condition) on 1 test day and mother's milk containing 32 mg of ethanol per 100 ml--the average concentration detected in human milk after lactating women drank an acute dose (0.3 g/kg) of alcohol--on the other. The infants' behaviors were monitored for the next 24 h; the first 3.5 h of monitoring on each test day took place at the Monell Center. Consistent with previous findings, infants exhibited significantly less active sleep during the 3.5 h immediately after exposure to alcohol in mothers' milk compared with the control condition; the decrease in active sleep was observed in all but 4 of the infants tested. Compensatory increases in active sleep were then observed in the next 20.5 h, when mothers refrained from drinking alcohol. Although the mechanisms underlying the reduction in sleep remain to be elucidated, these findings demonstrate that short-term exposure to small amounts of alcohol in mothers' milk produces distinctive changes in the infants' sleep-wake patterning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sleep disturbances after acute exposure to alcohol in mothers’ milk

Mennella

Garcia-Gomez

2001

Alcohol

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“…The claim that alcohol is a galactagogue is not accompanied by any controlled scientific evidence. On the contrary, research has demonstrated that human infants consumed approximately 20% less breast milk during the immediate hours after their mothers' consumption of an acute dose of alcohol Beauchamp, 1991, 1993), a finding that is consistent with several animal model studies (Subramanian and Abel, 1988;Swiatek et al, 1986;Vilaró et al, 1987). The observed decrease in milk intake was not the result of infants feeding for shorter periods of time after maternal alcohol consumption Beauchamp, 1991, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Regulation of Milk Intake After Exposure to Alcohol in Mothers' Milk

Mennella

2001

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…There is some evidence that the consequences of acute and chronic neonatal exposure to ethanol through mother's milk differ from those when ethanol is administered directly to the PUP. Swiatek et al (1986) found that rat pups nursed by ethanol-treated mothers showed growth retardation, which was accompanied by relatively low levels of alcohol in their blood, whereas pups exposed to ethanol vapor achieved high blood alcohol concentrations but did not show severe decreases in body weight. Hunt et al (1993) observed enhanced ethanol intake in preweanling rats after exposure to ethanol in the suckling context.…”

Section: Dosage Of Etoh (G/kg)mentioning

confidence: 96%