The influence of a large methyl ester on in-flame soot particle structures in a small-bore diesel engine

Zhang, Yilong; Zhang, Renlin; Rao, Lingzhe; Kim, Dongchan; Kook, Sanghoon

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.01.044

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The results illustrate that the diameter of particulates was reduced with the increase in the biodiesel blending ratio. The SEM results in this article coincide with Zhang's results, which showed that the particulate size was reduced in oxygenated fuel [46]. The main reason is that the C O chemical bonds in biodiesel molecules can be broken to form active oxygen-containing intermediates that promote the oxidation of the generated particulates.…”

Section: Particulate Size Distributionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Diesel Engine Particulates Based on Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Zhong

Liu

2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this article, the particulates formed by the combustion of diesel, 20% and 50% biodiesel blended in diesel (denoted as B20 and B50, respectively), and biodiesel were collected. The micromorphologies of the particulates were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the small‐angle X‐ray scattering technique was used to analyze the gyration radius, size distribution, interfacial characteristics, and fractal characteristics of the particulates. The results show that the size of the particulates formed by combustion of the fuels was concentrated between 10 and 35 nm and obeyed a Gaussian distribution. Moreover, the addition of biodiesel to diesel led to smaller particulate sizes for the biodiesel/diesel blend: the mean radii of the particulates for diesel, B20, B50, and biodiesel were 11.5 nm, 10.8 nm, 10.2 nm, and 9.7 nm, respectively. In addition, an interfacial layer was observed between the particulates, and the average interfacial thickness of the particulates was between 1.54 and 1.89 nm. The mass fractal dimension of the particulates was between 0.2 and 2.5, and the surface fractal dimension of the particulates was between 2.1 and 2.9. The addition of biodiesel to diesel resulted in a more compact particulate structure and the rougher surface. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13146, 2019

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Section: Particulate Size Distributionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Diesel Engine Particulates Based on Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Zhong

Liu

2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…In this study, four different diagnostics were performed one at a time for each injection timing condition. The detailed description of these diagnostics is found in our previous studies performed in the same optical diesel engine; 25,34,38,47–50,54–62 therefore, only a brief summary is provided in the following.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the soot reduction associated with injection timing variation in a small-bore diesel engine

Rao

Zhang

Kook

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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This study shows the in-cylinder soot reduction mechanism associated with injection timing variation in a small-bore optical diesel engine. For the three selected injection timings, three optical-/laser-based imaging diagnostics were performed to show the development of high-temperature reaction and soot within the cylinder, which include OH* chemiluminescence, planar laser–induced fluorescence of hydroxyl and planar laser–induced incandescence. In addition, detailed soot morphology analysis was conducted using thermophoresis-based soot particle sampling from two locations within the piston bowl, and the subsequent analysis of transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of the sampled soot aggregates was also conducted. The results suggest that when fuel injection timing is varied, ambient gas temperature makes a predominant effect on soot formation and oxidation. This is primarily combustion phasing effect as the advanced fuel injection moved the start of combustion closer to the top dead centre, and therefore, soot formation and oxidation occurred at elevated ambient gas temperature. There was an overall development pattern of in-cylinder soot consistently found for three injection timings of this study. The planar laser–induced incandescence images showed that a few small soot pockets first appear around the jet axis, which promptly grow into large soot regions behind the head of the flame marked planar laser–induced fluorescence of hydroxyl. The soot signals disappear due to significant oxidation induced by surrounding OH radicals. When the injection timing is advanced, the soot formation becomes higher as indicated by higher total laser–induced incandescence coverage, increased sampled particle counts and larger and more stretched soot aggregate structures. However, soot oxidation is also enhanced under this elevated ambient temperature environment. At the most advanced injection timing of this study, the enhanced soot oxidation outperformed the increased soot formation with both peak laser–induced incandescence signal coverage and late-cycle coverage showing lower values than those of more retarded injection timings.

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“…The obtained limited information just provided the coarse data of soot quantity because of the questionable assumption of soot particle optical properties. Recently, some researchers proposed the novel sampling method that acquired soot particles directly from diesel flames based on thermophoretic soot sampling techniques which were generally used in different laboratory [123][124][125][126][127] flames.…”

Section: Nanostructure Of Soot In Flame-wall Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutants Emissions of CO and Soot from Flame-wall Interactions in Fundamental and Practical Energy Conversion Systems: A Review

Luo¹,

Liu²

2018

ES Energy Environ.

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Flame-wall interactions (FWI) as one kind of fundamental combustion phenomenon is universally found in various laboratory and practical combustion devices. It not only affects the combustion and energy conversion efficiency but also induces severe pollutants emissions. This review summarizes the pollutants emission characteristics in FWI from CO and soot aspects. The investigations of CO formation from FWI in various fundamental and practical energy conversion systems with different fuel types, operating conditions, sampling and analyzing methods and etc. are separately discussed. Meanwhile, multiple advanced laser diagnostics techniques are also adopted in different laboratory impinging flames to acquire more accurate and precise measurements of CO distributions in FWI. To gain more knowledge of pollutants emissions in FWI, the behaviors of soot from practical internal engines are observed with the aid of visualization techniques. Studies that utilize different combustion system configurations to modulate soot formation in FWI of practical engines are conducted as well. Recent literature subsequently evaluates the variations of soot morphology and nanostructure in FWI. The characteristics of soot particle size distribution function (PSDF) from FWI are briefly studied via burner-stabilized stagnation (BBS) flames at laboratory scale. The review ends with the unresolved issues for the future research.

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The influence of a large methyl ester on in-flame soot particle structures in a small-bore diesel engine

Cited by 44 publications

References 78 publications

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Diesel Engine Particulates Based on Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Diesel Engine Particulates Based on Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Understanding the soot reduction associated with injection timing variation in a small-bore diesel engine

Pollutants Emissions of CO and Soot from Flame-wall Interactions in Fundamental and Practical Energy Conversion Systems: A Review

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