The influence of BMI on the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Overweight and obese individuals have an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome because of subsequent chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which the antioxidant nutrient lycopene can reduce. However, studies indicate that different BMI statuses can alter the positive effects of lycopene. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how BMI influences the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome. The tertile rank method was used to divide 13 196 participants, aged 20 years and older, into three groups according to serum concentrations of lycopene. The associations between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome were analysed separately for normal-weight, overweight and obese participants. Overall, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the first tertile group (OR 38·6 %; 95 % CI 36·9, 40·3) compared with the second tertile group (OR 29·3 %; 95 % CI 27·5, 31·1) and the third tertile group (OR 26·6 %; 95 % CI 24·9, 28·3). However, the associations between lycopene and the metabolic syndrome were only significant for normal-weight and overweight participants (P < 0·05), but not for obese participants (P > 0·05), even after adjusting for possible confounding variables. In conclusion, BMI appears to strongly influence the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome.

Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Persons with Physical Disabilities

“…The risk of metabolic syndrome increased by 2.14 times at ages of 65 years. Similar results were observed by Park et al [9], who reported that the risk was 5.62 times higher at the ages of 60e69 years than at the ages of 20e29 years, and Han et al [22], who reported that the risk was 6.07 times higher at the ages of 60 years than at the ages of 20e39 years. Age-related increases in abdominal obesity and blood pressure appear to significantly influence the prevalence of metabolic syndrome [5].…”

“…Among disabled persons, BMI was the most significant factor influencing metabolic syndrome, with a 4.67 times higher risk of metabolic syndrome for obese persons than for normal weight persons. Similarly, Park et al [9] reported that the risk of metabolic syndrome is 14.08 times higher for obese persons, and Han et al [22] reported that the risk of metabolic syndrome is 20.35 times higher for obese persons than for normal weight persons. Furthermore, 67.1% of disabled persons with metabolic syndrome are obese, and the risk of metabolic syndrome increased sharply in the obese group, which highlights the importance of weight control in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome.…”

Lycopene and Vascular Health

“…The main biological mechanism by which lycopene reduces the risk and mortality of the metabolic syndrome , include the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effects, the ability to improve endothelial function, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile (Tsitsimpikou et al, 2014 ; Li et al, 2015 ; Han et al, 2016a , b ). An inverse relationship was found by Yeo et al between lycopene level and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (Yeo et al, 2011 ).…”

“…Higher serum carotenoid levels were associated not just with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, but also with fewer abnormal metabolic syndrome components. A significant association between lycopene and the metabolic syndrome was described only for normal-weight and overweight participants, but not in obese patients, according to a study enrolling 13,196 subjects, probably related to an increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant ability, due to sequestration of lycopene in the adipose tissue and more important inflammation in obese (Han et al, 2016b ). On the other hand, daily tomato juice intake reduced waist circumference, cholesterol, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (inflammatory adipokine) and increased adiponectin (anti-inflammatory adipokine) levels in 30 young, healthy Taiwanese females (Li et al, 2015 ).…”

Fat-soluble micronutrients and metabolic syndrome

“…The NHANES study that enrolled 13 196 adults (≥20 years of age) found that higher serum concentrations of lycopene are associated with reduced MetS prevalence, but only in participants with normal weight or overweight, and not in those with obesity [ 3 ]. Among the 2499 participants with MetS, higher serum lycopene concentration was associated with longer survival [ 4 ].…”