“…Because of the easy deactivation of pure PbO 2 , the stability and electrocatalytic activity of the PbO 2 anodes are expected to be improved to further satisfy the requirement of practical application [10]. To solve this problem, recent researches have focused on modification of PbO 2 anodes by element doping, such as Bi [11,12], Co [13,14], Fe [15], polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) [16], Zr [17], clay [18], ionic liquids [19], Nb [20] and F [21,22]. In addition, rare earth oxides, as powerful oxidants, can easily catalyze organics compounds [23].…”