The influence of manganese content on the stacking fault and austenite/ε-martensite interfacial energies in Fe–Mn–(Al–Si) steels investigated by experiment and theory

Pierce, D.T.; Jiménez, José Antonio; Bentley, J.; Raabe, Dierk; Oskay, Caglar; Wittig, J. E.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2014.01.001

Cited by 332 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Optimizing the processing parameters to generate ideal cold working properties is with great research interests [9,[43][44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of κ-carbide interface structure on the formability of lightweight steels

Qin

2016

Materials & Design

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Abstractκ-carbide () in high aluminium (Al) steels is grown from austenite () via + or α+ ( represents ferrite), and is a lamellar structure. This work demonstrates that the formability of high Al lightweight steels is affected by the lattice misfit and interface shape between  and matrix. The cold workability can be improved by either to change the steel chemical constitution or to implement an electro-thermo-mechanical process. For ferrite-matrix-based high Al steel, electric-current promotes the spheroidization and refinement of  structure and reduces volume fraction of  phase. This retards the crack nucleation and propagation, and hence improves the materials formability. The observation is caused by a direct effect of electric-current rather than side effects.

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“…Optimizing the processing parameters to generate ideal cold working properties is with great research interests [9,[43][44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noticed that a high Al steel with austenite () matrix possesses better formability than that with ferrite (α) matrix [7]. Mn stabilizes  phase [8] and affects the plastic properties by influence on the specific stacking fault energy [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of κ-carbide interface structure on the formability of lightweight steels

Qin

2016

Materials & Design

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“…71 Recently, austenitic Fe-Mn-C-based TWIP steels have been synthesized with >70% elongation at an ultimate tensile strength >1 GPa. 72 TWIP steels typically have a high concentration of Mn (usually 20 wt% or greater) and small additions of elements such as C (<1 wt%), Si (<3 wt%), or Al (<3 wt%). The high concentration of Mn is crucial to preserve the austenitic structure 73 and control the SFE of the Fe-based alloys.…”

Section: Twinning-induced Plasticity Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SFE in the steels can be tuned by adjusting alloy composition. 72 The close connection between alloy thermodynamics and substructure kinetics renders these steels an ideal model alloy family accessible to theory-based materials design. The article by Raabe et al in this issue discusses and demonstrates the concept of theory-based design of TWIP steels.…”

Section: Twinning-induced Plasticity Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twinning effects on strength and plasticity of metallic materials

Wang

Zhang

2016

MRS Bull.

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“…The present study uses three Fe-22/25/28Mn-3Al-3Si alloys to investigate the effect of changes in stacking-fault energy (SFE) on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during RT tensile deformation. The SFEs were previously measured by analysis of partial-dislocation separations using weak-beam dark-field TEM [1][2][3][4] that ultimately [1] incorporated single-crystal elastic constants measured on polycrystalline specimens by a novel nano-indentation method [5,6]. The RT SFEs of the Fe-22/25/28Mn-3Al-3Si alloys are 15±3, 21±3, and 39±5 mJm -2 , respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Strain Hardening in Tensile-Tested Fe-Mn-Al-Si Steels

Pierce

Jiménez

Bentley³

et al. 2015

Microsc Microanal

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The exceptional combination of strength, ductility and strain hardening of high-Mn transformation-and twinning-induced plasticity (TRIP/TWIP) steels makes them appealing for automotive applications (e.g. vehicle weight reductions through down-gauging and room-temperature (RT) forming of complex shaped parts). The present study uses three Fe-22/25/28Mn-3Al-3Si alloys to investigate the effect of changes in stacking-fault energy (SFE) on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during RT tensile deformation. The SFEs were previously measured by analysis of partial-dislocation separations using weak-beam dark-field TEM [1-4] that ultimately [1] incorporated single-crystal elastic constants measured on polycrystalline specimens by a novel nano-indentation method [5,6]. The RT SFEs of the Fe-22/25/28Mn-3Al-3Si alloys are 15±3, 21±3, and 39±5 mJm -2 , respectively. Details of alloy and specimen preparation, tensile testing (see Figure 1), and specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been described elsewhere [1][2][3][4]. Microstructural characterization included optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and TEM (performed at 200 kV with a Philips CM20T).The following important conclusions were drawn from this work: (i) A SFE of 15 mJm -2 (Fe-22Mn-3Al-3Si) resulted in a deformation microstructure dominated by highly planar slip, suppression of dislocation cross-slip, and α bcc /ε hcp -martensite transformation as the dominant secondary deformation mechanism (see Figure 2). The onset of grain refinement due to the formation of multiple variants of ε hcp -martensite within any given grain occurs from the beginning of plastic deformation and provides superior work hardening at low and intermediate strains (0-0.34 true strain), and the highest strength (687±7 MPa) but lowest elongation (85±3%) of the three alloys. (ii) A SFE of 21 mJm -2 (Fe-25Mn-3Al-3Si) resulted in a dislocation structure that exhibits both planar and wavy characteristics. The formation of both ε hcpmartensite and mechanical twinning (see Figure 3) results in excellent strain hardening in the initial, intermediate and final stages of deformation, along with the largest elongation (91±1%) of the three alloys, albeit with intermediate strength (642±7 MPa). (iii) At low strains (0 to 0.1 true strain), a SFE of 39 mJm -2 (Fe-28Mn-3Al-3Si) facilitates greater dislocation cross slip and mobility resulting in the formation of a dislocation cell structure (see Figure 4a) and reduced strain hardening compared to that of lower SFE alloys. Formation of ε hcp -martensite is completely suppressed, but mechanical twinning (see Figure 4b) enhances the strain hardening from ~0.1 true strain to failure, resulting in excellent ductility (87±2%) but the lowest strength (631±5 MPa) of the three alloys. (iv) The range of SFE from 15 to 39 mJm -2 results in an excellent product of strength and elongation (55-58 GPa%) with only small variations in strength and ductility, despite the transitioning of the steels from TRIP-to TWIPdominated...

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The influence of manganese content on the stacking fault and austenite/ε-martensite interfacial energies in Fe–Mn–(Al–Si) steels investigated by experiment and theory

Cited by 332 publications

References 67 publications

Influence of κ-carbide interface structure on the formability of lightweight steels

Influence of κ-carbide interface structure on the formability of lightweight steels

Twinning effects on strength and plasticity of metallic materials

Microstructure and Strain Hardening in Tensile-Tested Fe-Mn-Al-Si Steels

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