The influence of oxides on the friction and wear of alloys

Stott, F.H.; Wood, G. C.

doi:10.1016/0301-679x(78)90178-0

Cited by 244 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…4) should be related to the formation of oxide debris in this stage although the amount of oxide was limited but generated more over time. In Stage II, the metal debris in Stage I of sliding and the subsequent fracture exposed the fresh metal to further oxidation under frictional heating and high temperature [33]. Cr 2 O 3 started to form abundantly (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

et al. 2016

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L. (2016). Influence of Cr-Rich oxide scale on sliding wear mechanism of ferritic stainless steel at high temperature. Tribology Letters, 63 (2), 1-13.Influence of Cr-Rich oxide scale on sliding wear mechanism of ferritic stainless steel at high temperature AbstractThe tribological tests of a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 445 in contact with high-speed steel (HSS) were performed on a high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear exhibited significant difference when the FSS 445 was oxidised with a Cr-rich oxide scale on the surface. The HSS pin displayed adhesive wear when there was no oxide scale on the stainless steel disc, and in the early stages, the coefficient of friction fluctuated significantly, but the level of wear changed as Cr2O3 particles formed. The wear was then reduced, and the coefficient of friction remained stable. The Cr-rich oxide scale which formed on the stainless steel was able to stabilise the coefficient of friction, to reduce the wear rate and to help form a glazed layer on the HSS surface. The abrasive wear of the HSS pin took place at 850 °C, indicating that the hardness of the Cr-rich oxide scale increased as the temperature decreased. AbstractThe tribological tests of a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 445 in contact with high speed steel (HSS)were performed on a high temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear exhibited significant difference when the FSS 445 was oxidised with a Cr-rich oxide scale on the surface. The HSS pin displayed adhesive wear when there was no oxide scale on the stainless steel disc and in the early stages, the coefficient of friction fluctuated significantly but the level of wear changed as Cr 2 O 3 particles formed. The wear was then reduced and the coefficient of friction remained stable. The Cr-rich oxide scale which formed on the stainless steel was able to stabilize the coefficient of friction, to reduce the wear rate and to help form a glazed layer on the HSS surface. The abrasive wear of the HSS pin took place at 850 °C, indicating that the hardness of the Cr-rich oxide scale increased as the temperature decreased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

et al. 2016

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“…The glaze is a smoothly burnished outer region of the debris bed itself [21]; it has been argued that its formation is directly related to the completion of the debris particle sintering process [13,22]. Despite sintering being a process which is normally considered to be significant when the homologous temperature is above 0.5, [23], Pearson et al [24] argued that debris sintering occurred at temperatures as low as 85°C in fretting of a high-strength steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Temperature and Frequency on Fretting Wear of a Like-on-Like Stainless Steel Contact

2017

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The influences of environmental temperature and fretting frequency on the mechanisms and rates of wear in a like-on-like 304 stainless steel contact were examined and mainly attributed to changes in the mechanical response of the bulk material and to changes in the behaviour of the oxide debris formed in the fretting process. At low temperatures, wear proceeds by continual oxide formation and egress from the contact, whilst at high temperatures, the rate of wear is much reduced, associated with the development of oxide formed into a protective bed within the contact. The temperature at which the change between these two behaviours took place was dependent upon the fretting frequency, with evidence that, at this transition temperature, changes in behaviour can occur as the fretting test proceeds under a fixed set of conditions. An interaction diagram has been developed which provides a coherent framework by which the complex effects of these two parameters can be rationalised in terms of widely accepted physical principles.

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“…EDS analyses (Figure 7) indicate that the layer consists of oxidized and compacted wear products (Fe-Cr-Oxides). These products form an oxide-rich intermediate phase between the high-speed steel and X5CrNi18-10 steel, which prevents direct metallic contact [7]. Thus, tribological interaction of the HSS and X5CrNi18-10 steel has changed fundamentally.…”

Section: High Temperature Sliding Wear Behaviour Of Hs 6-5-3-5 Tool Smentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Tribological Behaviour of High-Speed Tool Steels at Elevated Temperatures*

Walter

Egels

Boes

et al. 2016

HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials

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Abstract/KurzfassungThe tribological behaviour of work roll materials is a key issue during hot rolling process of metals. The characteristics of the material (hardness and wear resistance) at elevated temperatures are of great interest for many industrial applications. The study investigates the mechanical properties and the sliding wear behaviour of HS 6-5-3-5 (HSS) high-speed tool steel, which is a common work roll material of the intermediate and finishing stands of hot rolling manufacturing lines. Experimental analysis focuses on the mechanical properties of steel HS 6-5-3-5 at elevated temperatures and on the microstructural surface changes of this material during metallic sliding wear. The results give an overview about the absolute hardness value of HS 6-5-3-5 at elevated temperatures and its evolution at constant operating temperatures. To conclude interdependencies between mechanical properties, microstructure and wear behaviour at elevated temperatures, results are discussed and connected with wear investigations. Findings reveal that high temperature wear behaviour is mainly dependent on the formation of a tribochemical wear layer on the wear bodies' surfaces. Layers suppress direct metallic contact and change the characteristics of the tribological system. Discussed issues of high temperature sliding wear are the formation and stability of tribochemical wear layers, their connection to and support by the bulk material, as well as the fracturing and damage of the layer-bulk-material compound.

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The influence of oxides on the friction and wear of alloys

Cited by 244 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

The Role of Temperature and Frequency on Fretting Wear of a Like-on-Like Stainless Steel Contact

An Investigation of the Tribological Behaviour of High-Speed Tool Steels at Elevated Temperatures*

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