The influence of oxytocin, progesterone and estrogen on disgust and its neurophysiological mechanism

Zhang, Xia; Lei, Yi; Wang, Fushun

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2022.00085

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Disgust is a basic emotion induced by unpleasant and repulsive stimuli in the gut. Disgust emotion can induce behavior inhibition [ 49 ], warding off potential diseases and staying away from or avoiding spoiled food or other contaminants [ 14 , 71 ]. The brain–gut-axis induced disgust might be the reason for MDD; indeed, the brain–gut-axis affects disgust (sad) emotions via two main pathways [ 61 ]: (1) Metabolite pathways: Gut microbes can activate monoamines via stimulating the enteroendocrine cells to produce the 5-HT [ 61 ].…”

Section: Monoamine In the Digestive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

Jiang

Zou

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and complex mental disorder, that adversely impacts an individual’s quality of life, but its diagnosis and treatment are not accurately executed and a symptom-based approach is utilized in most cases, due to the lack of precise knowledge regarding the pathophysiology. So far, the first-line treatments are still based on monoamine neurotransmitters. Even though there is a lot of progress in this field, the mechanisms seem to get more and more confusing, and the treatment is also getting more and more controversial. In this study, we try to review the broad advances of monoamine neurotransmitters in the field of MDD, and update its effects in many advanced neuroscience studies. We still propose the monoamine hypothesis but paid special attention to their effects on the new pathways for MDD, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotrophins, and neurogenesis, especially in the glial cells, which have recently been found to play an important role in many neurodegenerative disorders, including MDD. In addition, we will extend the monoamine hypothesis to basic emotions; as suggested in our previous reports, the three monoamine neurotransmitters play different roles in emotions: dopamine—joy, norepinephrine—fear (anger), serotonins—disgust (sadness). Above all, this paper tries to give a full picture of the relationship between the MDD and the monoamine neurotransmitters such as DA, NE, and 5-HT, as well as their contributions to the Three Primary Color Model of Basic Emotions (joy, fear, and disgust). This is done by explaining the contribution of the monoamine from many sides for MDD, such the digestive tract, astrocytes, microglial, and others, and very briefly addressing the potential of monoamine neurotransmitters as a therapeutic approach for MDD patients and also the reasons for its limited clinical efficacy, side effects, and delayed onset of action. We hope this review might offer new pharmacological management of MDD.

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Section: Monoamine In the Digestive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

Jiang

Zou

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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“…and moral violations (e.g., incest, theft, violence, etc.) will induce disgusting feelings and avoidance behaviors [9][10][11] . The former class of disgust is referred to as pathogen disgust, the latter is related to moral disgust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Opposite Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone on Woman’s Disgust Processing

Mei

Zhang

Zheng-ming

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Ovarian hormones play a critical role in emotion processing, which might be the major reason for the high rates of major depressive disorders in women. However, the exact roles of estradiol and progesterone on the basic emotions remain unclear. To this end, we performed a behavioral and an rs-fMRI study. Experiment 1 examines the specific influence of these two ovarian hormones on pathogen disgust and moral disgust processing across the menstrual cycle using the single category implicit association test (SC-IAT) and explicit measures of disgust intensity task. In experiment 2, we used the amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex(dACC), and insula as a seed to explore the menstrual cycle effects on intrinsic connectivity networks related to emotion processing. The behavioral results showed that women during the luteal phase had higher D scores and shorter response times (RTs) to disgust stimuli (both for pathogen disgust and moral disgust stimuli) compared to the menses phase and follicular phase. Instead, women during the follicular phase had fewer disgust feelings and longer response time (RTs) to pathogen stimuli compared to the menses phase and luteal phase, but this effect was moderated by the intensity of the stimuli. Furthermore, there was no difference in subject moral disgust feelings between the three cycle phases. The rs-fMRI studies showed that luteal phase women have higher functional connectivity in the salience network compared to the follicular phase. And compared to the menstrual phase, follicular phase women have lower functional connectivity in the anterior insula and amygdala. In summary, the more negative attitude to disgust stimuli and the enhanced functional connectivity of the salience network shown during the luteal phase may be associated with high progesterone levels, whereas the lower disgust feelings and reduced functional connectivity of the amygdala shown during the follicular phase may be associated with high estradiol levels.

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“…Students in the fourth grade show stronger altruistic motives, and students in the sixth grade are more self-conscious, so self-actualisation motives appear. And external motivation for learning predominates among pupils compared to internal motivation, which is always developing [3].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Gamified Teaching Activities for Enhancing Motivation in Grade 6 Primary School Students —an Example of Instructional Design Model on a Field Course

Luo,

Wang,

Wang

2023

SHS Web of Conf.

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In recent years, people have attached increasing importance to primary education. They have realized that primary education not only requires students to passively acquire knowledge but also needs to stimulate their intrinsic learning motivation. Learning motivation has a significant impact on the learning behavior and outcomes of primary school students. Gamified teaching is a type of instructional activity that incorporates the fun of games into the teaching activity, allowing students to learn while enjoying themselves and stimulating their motivation for learning. This study researches the influence of gamified teaching methods on the learning motivation of primary school students. In the experiment, 80 sixth-grade primary school students were collected as samples, and they were taught under gamified teaching method for two months, and Zhou Bucheng’ s MAAT scale was distributed to measure their learning motivation. The experiment collected the scores of students’ two math tests and two MAAT scales by pre-test and post-test, and analyzed the changes of scores and learning motivation. The research found that attractive teaching methods and content of course can better stimulate students’ interest in learning, promoting them to develop active learning motivations, and lay a foundation for their comprehensive development in the future.

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The influence of oxytocin, progesterone and estrogen on disgust and its neurophysiological mechanism

Cited by 4 publications

References 92 publications

Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

The Opposite Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone on Woman’s Disgust Processing

A Study of Gamified Teaching Activities for Enhancing Motivation in Grade 6 Primary School Students —an Example of Instructional Design Model on a Field Course

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