The influence of the chosen in vitro bone simulation model on intraosseous temperatures and drilling times

Abstract

There is no consensus about the most suitable in vitro simulating material investigating heat generation during bone preparation. The aim was to compare heat increases and drilling times of bone removals in different bone simulating materials and to compare them to fresh human cadaver bone. A cavity was drilled in the following samples: (1) bovine rib; (2) pig rib; (3) 20 PCF (lb/ft 3 ) polyurethane (PU) block with 3 mm (50 PCF) cortical layer; (4) 20PCF PU without cortical; (5) 30 PCF PU with 2 mm (40 PCF) cortical; (6) 30 PCF PU with 1 mm (40 PCF) cortical; (7) 30PCF PU without cortical; (8) poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA); (9) fresh human cadaver rib. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Highest heat increases and slowest drilling times were found in bovine ribs (p < 0.001). Regarding temperatures, human ribs were comparable to the pig rib and to PUs having cortical layers. Considering drilling times, the human rib was only comparable to the 20 PCF PU with 3 mm cortical and to 30 PCF PU without cortical. By the tested in vitro bone removals, only the 20 PCF PU with 3 mm cortical was able to simulate human ribs, considering both temperature increases and drilling times.

Primary Stability of Dental Implants in Low-Density (10 and 20 pcf) Polyurethane Foam Blocks: Conical vs Cylindrical Implants

“…In fact, the in vitro simulation on polyurethane is able to overcome the anatomical limits of implant osteotomies performed on ex-vivo samples, such as human cadaveric bone [19], bovine and pig ribs [19][20][21], and rabbit tibiae [22].…”

Comparative Analysis of Bone Tissue Temperature during Implant Preparation with Variable Drilling Parameters: In Vitro Study

“…The use of pork ribs in the experiment, although not fully reflecting the human bone model, gave the possibility of obtaining very similar results in terms of preparation time in bone, which was proven by comparing different types of bone tissue by Szalma et al [20]. The thermographic temperature measurement method used in this experiment seems to be the best method due to its noninvasive nature, speed, and simplicity of use that allow it to exceed other methods based on micro sensors located in the channels or preparation tips, which was also confirmed by other studies [3, 6, 7, 21, 22].…”

Piezoelectric Implant Site Preparation: Influence of Handpiece Movements on Temperature Elevation

“…Bovine ribs represent a well-documented bone model that resembles the human jaw due to similarities in bone density, the ratio between cortical and cancellous bone, and thermal conductivity [12,13]. In particular, it was demonstrated that, compared to other animal, human, or artificial bone specimens, bovine rib shows significantly higher temperature elevations during drilling procedure [13], thus reducing the risk of underestimating the thermal effects of bone instrumentation in the clinical practice. According to Sedlin and Hirsch guidelines [14], the bone samples were kept wet at all times, and frozen-stored in saline at −10 • C. Sixty osteotomies were performed on the specimens at a depth of 10 mm using a dedicated mechanical device (Figure 1), specifically designed to maintain constant working parameters, as described in a previous study [15].…”

“…A digital metronome was used to follow this specific sequence. specimens, bovine rib shows significantly higher temperature elevations during drilling procedure [13], thus reducing the risk of underestimating the thermal effects of bone instrumentation in the clinical practice. According to Sedlin and Hirsch guidelines [14], the bone samples were kept wet at all times, and frozen-stored in saline at −10 °C.…”