The influence of training status on oxidative stress in young male handball players

Abstract

Although exercise-induced oxidative stress receives considerable scientific attention, there is still little information available regarding exercise-induced adaptations of the antioxidant defence system in adolescent and child athletes. The aim of our study was to establish the effects of long-term exercise training on the redox state of adolescents, and to find correlations between elements of redox homeostasis and aerobic power. Thirty-three handball players and 14 non-athletes, 16-19-years old, were subjected to blood sampling to measure levels of nitric oxide (NO; estimated through nitrites (NO₂⁻), superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), lipid peroxidation (estimated through TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Subjects were also subjected to maximal progressive exercise test to estimate their maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max). Athletes had significantly (P < 0.05) higher SOD activity and lower CAT activity compared with non-athletes (SOD: 2175.52 ± 362.07 compared with 1172.16 ± 747.40 U/g of hemoglobin x 10³, and CAT: 2.19 ± 0.31 compared with 3.08 ± 0.47 U/g of hemoglobin x 10³). These differences were the most obvious when comparing non-athletes and athletes with poor/average aerobic power. H₂O₂ and TBARS levels differed among subjects with poor, average or good aerobic power (P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively). Sports engagement and aerobic capacity are important factors in inducing changes in redox status.

The redox state of young female handball players following acute exercise and a one-month precompetitive training period

“…However, because it has been shown that endogenous oestrogen may have a protective role in exercise-induced oxidative stress among female handball players [38] and female non-ath- exercise load and consequently longer duration of the exercise test. Positive correlation between VO 2max and H 2 O 2 levels was previously established [3].…”

“…Detection was performed at 470 nm. The activities of SOD and CAT in RBCs are presented in units per gram of haemoglobin x10 3 (U/g Hbx10…”

“…The first study of the relationship between exercise and oxidative stress was performed in 1978 by Dillard and colleagues [2] and demonstrated that acute aerobic exercise increases lipid peroxidation, which may be mediated by vitamin E consumption. Although intensively researched during the following decades, there is a dearth of scientific data describing exercise-induced oxidative stress, especially among athletes partaking in sporting games such as handball [3]. Recently published studies showed that handball players have significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity [3,4], higher levels of reduced glutathione and nitric oxide, and lower levels of lipid peroxidation compared to non-athletes [3], while catalase activity was in one study higher [4] and in another lower [3] than in controls.…”

“…Although intensively researched during the following decades, there is a dearth of scientific data describing exercise-induced oxidative stress, especially among athletes partaking in sporting games such as handball [3]. Recently published studies showed that handball players have significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity [3,4], higher levels of reduced glutathione and nitric oxide, and lower levels of lipid peroxidation compared to non-athletes [3], while catalase activity was in one study higher [4] and in another lower [3] than in controls. Another study showed that nonspecific intensive activity, such as maximal progressive tests on a cycle ergometer, induced oxidative stress in young handball players [5].…”

Tivortin Aspartate: a New Safe and Effective Non-Prohibited Medical Drug for Stimulation the Performance of Athletes

“…Что касается отсутствия достоверного прироста в кле-точных мембранах содержания природного антиок-сиданта восстановленного глутатиона в основной подгруппе 1А у легкоатлетов, то, следует отме-тить, что определяющим параметром влияния на ПАР является преимущественное снижение содер-жание малонового диальдегида, поскольку иссле-дуемый препарат выступает как антиоксидант, т.е. субстанция, в первую очередь, ограничивающая выраженность прооксидантных реакций [25,31,32] и, следовательно, повышающая толерантность к физической работе циклического характера [38] Наблюдаемое у представителей тяжелой атлетики отсутствие достоверных изменений в динамике исследования (между данными в Т начало и Т окончание ) изучаемых параметров ПАР в контрольной под-группе лишь подтверждает существенное ограни-чивающее действие препарата на основе L-аргинина на баланс прооксидантных и антиокси-дантных факторов при преимущественно лактат-ном гликолитическом типе энергообеспечения мышечной деятельности [45,51]. Можно также говорить о нормализации ПАР в мембранах эрит-роцитов как о факторе, нормализующем структур-но-функциональное состояние этих клеток и опо-средованно улучшающем скорость переноса ки-слорода [4,6,7] при соответствующем снижении вязкости крови, что в целом позитивно влияет на кислородтранспортную функцию крови, являю-щуюся одним из важнейших факторов реализации аэробных возможностей спортсмена в циклических видах спорта [12,14,16,17].…”