The influence of vitamins E and C and exercise on brain aging

Mock, J. Thomas; Chaudhari, Kiran; Sidhu, Akram; Sumien, Nathalie

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.008

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 74 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The decrease in substrates and concurrent increase in brain dopamine receptor may indicate that plasma substrates are being converted into dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. CR has been shown to reduce both the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mice (34), and striatal dopamine receptors in the brains of rats (35,36), both of which are associated with reducing age-associated neurodegeneration in conditions such a Parkinson’s disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XIII. Global Metabolomics Screen Reveals Graded Changes in Circulating Amino Acids, Vitamins, and Bile Acids in the Plasma of C57BL/6 Mice

Green

Soltow

Mitchell

et al. 2018

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Calorie restriction (CR) remains the most robust intervention to extend life span and improve health span. Using a global mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach, we identified metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed in the plasma of C57BL/6 mice, fed graded levels of calorie restriction (10% CR, 20% CR, 30% CR, and 40% CR) compared with mice fed ad libitum for 12 hours a day. The differential expression of metabolites increased with the severity of CR. Pathway analysis revealed that graded CR had an impact on vitamin E and vitamin B levels, branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and fatty acid pathways. The majority of amino acids correlated positively with fat-free mass and visceral fat mass, indicating a strong relationship with body composition and vitamin E metabolites correlated with stomach and colon size, which may allude to the beneficial effects of investing in gastrointestinal organs with CR. In addition, metabolites that showed a graded effect, such as the sphinganines, carnitines, and bile acids, match our previous study on liver, which suggests not only that CR remodels the metabolome in a way that promotes energy efficiency, but also that some changes are conserved across tissues.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XIII. Global Metabolomics Screen Reveals Graded Changes in Circulating Amino Acids, Vitamins, and Bile Acids in the Plasma of C57BL/6 Mice

Green

Soltow

Mitchell

et al. 2018

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since free radicals obviously cause molecular disfigurement and functional decay, and given that they are abundantly created in mitochondria, molecules that either efficiently quench a variety of ROS species or reduce their production, especially in mitochondria, may be useful as a means to slow the rate of aging and reduce age-related diseases [ 172 , 173 ]. To enhance their entry into mitochondria, industry has synthesized synthetic antioxidants [ 174 , 175 ] that do accumulate up to 500-fold (greater than the natural antioxidant) in the mitochondrial matrix.…”

Section: Melatonin Oxidative Stress and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria: Central Organelles for Melatonin′s Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Actions

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melatonin, along with its metabolites, have long been known to significantly reduce the oxidative stress burden of aging cells or cells exposed to toxins. Oxidative damage is a result of free radicals produced in cells, especially in mitochondria. When measured, melatonin, a potent antioxidant, was found to be in higher concentrations in mitochondria than in other organelles or subcellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial membranes possess transporters that aid in the rapid uptake of melatonin by these organelles against a gradient. Moreover, we predicted several years ago that, because of their origin from melatonin-producing bacteria, mitochondria likely also synthesize melatonin. Data accumulated within the last year supports this prediction. A high content of melatonin in mitochondria would be fortuitous, since these organelles produce an abundance of free radicals. Thus, melatonin is optimally positioned to scavenge the radicals and reduce the degree of oxidative damage. In light of the “free radical theory of aging”, including all of its iterations, high melatonin levels in mitochondria would be expected to protect against age-related organismal decline. Also, there are many age-associated diseases that have, as a contributing factor, free radical damage. These multiple diseases may likely be deferred in their onset or progression if mitochondrial levels of melatonin can be maintained into advanced age.

show abstract

“…During this process α-tocopherol is oxidized to the α-tocopheroxyl radical, which can result in a very harmful effect. The ascorbate could reduce the tocopheroxyl radical back to tocopherol and then its oxidized form is recycled by enzymatic systems with using NADH or NADPH [ 33 ]. Regarding these facts, vitamin C is considered to be an important neuroprotective agent.…”

Section: Vitamin C Function In Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Vitamin C Influence Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders?

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vitamin C (Vit C) is considered to be a vital antioxidant molecule in the brain. Intracellular Vit C helps maintain integrity and function of several processes in the central nervous system (CNS), including neuronal maturation and differentiation, myelin formation, synthesis of catecholamine, modulation of neurotransmission and antioxidant protection. The importance of Vit C for CNS function has been proven by the fact that targeted deletion of the sodium-vitamin C co-transporter in mice results in widespread cerebral hemorrhage and death on post-natal day one. Since neurological diseases are characterized by increased free radical generation and the highest concentrations of Vit C in the body are found in the brain and neuroendocrine tissues, it is suggested that Vit C may change the course of neurological diseases and display potential therapeutic roles. The aim of this review is to update the current state of knowledge of the role of vitamin C on neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic sclerosis, as well as psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. The particular attention is attributed to understanding of the mechanisms underlying possible therapeutic properties of ascorbic acid in the presented disorders.

show abstract

The influence of vitamins E and C and exercise on brain aging

Cited by 22 publications

References 74 publications

The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XIII. Global Metabolomics Screen Reveals Graded Changes in Circulating Amino Acids, Vitamins, and Bile Acids in the Plasma of C57BL/6 Mice

The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XIII. Global Metabolomics Screen Reveals Graded Changes in Circulating Amino Acids, Vitamins, and Bile Acids in the Plasma of C57BL/6 Mice

Mitochondria: Central Organelles for Melatonin′s Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Actions

Does Vitamin C Influence Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About