The Inhibitory Effects of Terminalia catappa L. Extract on the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and common types of brain tumor. Due to its high proliferation ability, a high lethality rate has been observed with this malignant glial tumor. Terminalia catappa L. (T. catappa) is currently known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenesis effects. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms of the leaf extracts of T. catappa (TCE) on GBM cells. In the current study, we demonstrated that TCE can significantly inhibit the migration and invasion capabilities of GBM cell lines without showing biotoxic effects. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) activity and protein expression were attenuated by reducing the p38 phosphorylation involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. By treating with TCE and/or p38 inhibitor (SB203580), we confirmed that p38 MAPK is involved in the inhibition of cell migration. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that TCE inhibits human GBM cell migration and MMP-2 expression by regulating the p38 pathway. These results reveal that TCE contains potent therapeutic compounds which could be applied for treating GBM brain tumors.

EF‐24 inhibits TPA‐induced cellular migration and MMP‐9 expression through the p38 signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells

“…Matrix metalloproteinases, a family of zinc-dependent proteinase, have long been associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis for its ability in activating cancer cells, modulating immune function, degrading extracellular matrix and basement membrane. [25][26][27][28] In particular, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been widely investigated to relate to the pathology of cancer. [29][30][31] TPA (12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), a phorbol ester, has been well-documented on cancer metastasis in several cancer types.…”

Terminalia catappa leaf extracts inhibited metastasis of A2058 and A375 melanoma cells via downregulating p-Src and β-catenin pathway in vitro

“…In the past, our laboratory has also studied TCE in other cancer metastases ( Chu et al, 2007 ; Yang et al, 2010 ; Yeh et al, 2012 ; Chung et al, 2021 ). We demonstrated that TCE negatively affected metastasis in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, oral cancer, human glioblastoma, and lung cancer.…”

Physiochemical properties, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa seed oils from two extracting processes

“…To evaluate the medicinal potentials of this species, the majority of studies have focused on physiochemical and biological characteristics of the leaf. T. catappa leaf have been shown for its high potential in treatment diabetes using aqueous extract (11,12), protection of human skin fibroblasts from oxidative stress using methanol extract (13), inhibition of metastasis of oral, lung and brain cancer (14)(15)(16). Both aqueous extract and ethanol of T. catappa leaf exhibited antioxidant activity, probably due to significant amount of polyphenolic and flavonoid contents (17)(18)(19)(20).…”