The interaction of high-power fiber laser irradiation with intrusive rocks

Abstract

Laser cutting of intrusive rocks, including granite, gabbro, and diorite, is carried out in order to assess the cut characteristics through geometrical measurements, such as kerf width, melting width, and penetration depth. The absorption rate for each specimen at the wavelength of 1064 nm is measured using a spectrophotometer. A multimode fiber laser is used in this study with the power of 9 kW and different cutting speeds. Furthermore, nitrogen gas at 13 bar is applied as the assistant gas in order to remove the melted material effectively. As a result of the experiment, the relationship between the cutting speed and geometrical measurements is investigated. Furthermore, variations of penetration depth are performed in accordance with the number of laser cuts. In addition, through energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) element mapping, minerals that comprise the rocks are classified and characterized. Subsequently, the changes in the microstructure and chemical composition of each specimen, before and after laser cutting, are compared using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EDX analyses. Experimental results demonstrate that the cutting characteristics vary, depending on the types of minerals that make up the rock. Based on a series of tests, it is identified that volume energy of more than 3.06E + 13 $$\mathrm{J}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$$ J / m 3 is required to fully cut intrusive rocks that have a thickness of 25 mm.

A Systematic Review of Factors Affecting the Process Parameters and Various Measurement Techniques in Forging Processes

“…Seo et al [ 183 ] used FEM analysis for prediction of die life in cold forging process. The uncontrollable environmental variables eliminated the possibility of accurate prediction of forging load values.…”