The Interpersonal Shame Inventory for Asian Americans: Scale development and psychometric properties.

Abstract

This article reports the development and psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Shame Inventory (ISI), a culturally salient and clinically relevant measure of interpersonal shame for Asian Americans. Across 4 studies involving Asian American college students, the authors provided evidence for this new measure’s validity and reliability. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a model with 2 correlated factors: external shame (arising from concerns about others’ negative evaluations) and family shame (arising from perceptions that one has brought shame to one’s family), corresponding to 2 subscales: ISI-E and ISI-F, respectively. Evidence for criterion-related, concurrent, discriminant, and incremental validity was demonstrated by testing the associations between external shame and family shame and immigration/international status, generic state shame, face concerns, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation. External shame and family shame also exhibited differential relations with other variables. Mediation findings were consistent with a model in which family shame mediated the effects of thwarted belongingness on suicide ideation. Further, the ISI subscales demonstrated high alpha coefficients and test–retest reliability. These findings are discussed in light of the conceptual, methodological, and clinical contributions of the ISI.

Cross-sectional and temporal association between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation in young adults: The explanatory roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness

“…Further, they may also experience fears of social rejection and negative evaluation associated with disclosing self-harm behaviors. In the context of suicide risk, previous evidence has supported the connection between shame, fears of negative social evaluation, and feelings of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (Chu et al, 2015a; Hill and Pettit, 2012; Wong et al, 2014; Van Orden et al, 2010). Thus, one possibility is that some individuals engaging in NSSI fear that they are burdening others.…”

Depression after traumatic brain injury: A biopsychosocial cultural perspective

“…The failure of an individual subsequently represents a failure of the entire family. This can lead to cognitive representations which predispose to depressive symptoms (Wong et al, 2014). Parents may also exert control over their children which impacts the nature of both maternal and paternal bonding.…”

Annual review of Asian American Psychology, 2013.

“…Measurement and methodology-In this year's review, we changed Wei et al's (2014) category of "measurement" to "measurement and methodology," not only so as to group articles on instrument development and/or validation, but also in order to include articles that focused on research methodologies, which were discussed under the "miscellaneous" category in Wei et al's (2014) Nguyen, Cheng, & Saw, 2014), personality (universal-diverse orientation; e.g., Kegel & DeBlaere, 2014), and men and masculinity (masculine norms; e.g., Hsu & Iwamoto, 2014). The majority of the measurement articles focused on the development, validation, or invariance testing of quantitative rating scales, but one study developed a bilingual version of a semi-structured interview assessment of drug/alcohol dependence for American Samoans (Quinn et al, 2014).…”

“…Y. J. Wong et al (2014) conducted an experimental study with 465 Asian international college students who were randomly assigned to report their levels of emotional self-control and humility during three different types of interactions: with their families of origin, peers from their country of origin, or American peers. Emotional self-control was negatively related to help-seeking attitudes only during interactions with members of their country of origin.…”