The intersection of gender and race in older adults’ decision to receive COVID-19 vaccines

Shapiro, Janna R.; Privor-Dumm, Lois; Rosser, Erica N.; Leng, Sean X.; Klein, Sabra L.; Morgan, Rosemary

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.043

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The latter finding is consistent with the observation that women adopted more precautionary behaviors during the pandemic than men and reported higher worry about the outbreak, as well as less negative attitudes toward quarantine restrictions (Shapiro et al, 2023). This research was conducted with an Italian sample, which presumably was largely White, and therefore did not examine the interaction of gender and race, as we did in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Furthermore, with the exception of White women, members of different demographic groups were relatively accurate about their personal mortality risk given the observed mortality proportion of each group in the population. The latter finding is consistent with the observation that women adopted more precautionary behaviors during the pandemic than men and reported higher worry about the outbreak, as well as less negative attitudes toward quarantine restrictions (Shapiro et al., 2023). This research was conducted with an Italian sample, which presumably was largely White, and therefore did not examine the interaction of gender and race, as we did in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Previous research documented a White Male Effect in the hesitancy to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine, such that White men found it to be the least risky to get vaccinated, while Black women were the most fearful of serious side effects (Shapiro et al., 2023). This qualitative study was conducted via interviews with 24 individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ‘White Male Effect’ in perceptions of risk of dying from COVID‐19

Luo,

Schnall

2023

Social & Personality Psych

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During the COVID‐19 pandemic people had to gauge their personal health risks in order to decide which protective behaviors to adopt. We explored whether mortality risk perceptions varied by demographic background. Using data from a nationally representative U.S. survey, we analyzed bi‐weekly mortality estimates of 8339 individuals from 1 April 2020 to 21 July 2021. Consistent with a White Male Effect, White men estimated the risk of death to be lower than White women, non‐White men, and non‐White women. Furthermore, when linking those estimates to the actual risk of dying from COVID‐19, as reflected in official fatality rates recorded by the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), White men were indeed less likely to die from the coronavirus than would be expected based on their proportion of the populations. In contrast, deaths in non‐White men and non‐White women were higher than would be expected. Thus, subjective risk perceptions tracked objective mortality risks. Because White men tend to disproportionally hold positions with high decision‐making power, although biased risk estimates may be less likely to have negative consequences for themselves, they may be especially detrimental to those for whom such decisions are made.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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The ‘White Male Effect’ in perceptions of risk of dying from COVID‐19

Luo,

Schnall

2023

Social & Personality Psych

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“…Similar to recent research with older adults, vaccine-willing participants recalled previous vaccine rollouts, such as the national campaigns to eliminate smallpox and polio [ 16 ]. One meta-analysis on behavior change and risk appraisal demonstrated that the greatest degree of behavioral change occurs when individuals anticipate a high response efficacy of an intervention [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Americans’ COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 with Their Community Pharmacists: An Exploratory Study

et al. 2023

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In early 2022 in the U.S., rural adults were the least likely to vaccinate against COVID-19 due to vaccine hesitancy and reduced healthcare access. This study explored the factors influencing rural adults’ COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and their acceptance of pharmacist-administered vaccination. We utilized phone-based semi-structured interviews with 30 adults living in rural regions of one southwestern state and analyzed the data using a team-based thematic analysis approach. Vaccine-willing participants described knowing other people affected by the virus and their desired protection from the virus. They reported trusting scientific institutions and the government to provide safe vaccines. Vaccine-hesitant populations, however, feared that the COVID-19 vaccine development process had been rushed, compromising the safety of these newer vaccines. Although they differed in the news sources they preferred for receiving COVID-19 vaccine information, both vaccine-willing and vaccine-hesitant participants described trusting local authorities, such as healthcare providers and county government officials, to provide accurate COVID-19 vaccine information. Regarding the acceptability of pharmacist-administered COVID-19 vaccinations, all but one participant described their acceptance of this healthcare delivery approach. Future outreach should leverage rural adults’ trust in local sources, including community pharmacists, deemed more convenient access points to healthcare, when addressing vaccine hesitancy.

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“…This is consistent with other reports of health care professionals receiving death threats. 32 Where financial incentives and educational access are involved, such hostile interactions may be more frequent and severe. Mandatory vaccination policies should include provision for ensuring the safety of health care workers impacted by these policies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Australian Childhood Vaccination Mandates on Immunization Specialists and Their Interactions With Families

Yap

Buttery

Crawford

et al. 2022

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: Recent global outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, both before and since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, have led to the introduction or strengthening of vaccine mandate policies to target vaccine refusal. Globally, there is wide variation in how governments and jurisdictions implement and enforce mandatory vaccination as well as the financial and educational consequences to those who fail to comply. We explored the impact of mandate vaccination policies on Australian Immunization Specialists who work in Specialist Immunization Clinics (SIC) for approving vaccine exemptions outside of the mandated criteria. In particular, their interactions with patients and families. Methods: A national, prospective, mixed methods, survey-based study conducted with members of the Australian Adverse Event Following Immunisation Clinical Assessment Network between February 2020 and June 2020. Results: Sixteen Immunization physicians and nurse practitioner specialists working in a SIC completed the survey. All sixteen respondents had been requested by parents to provide a Medical Exemptions at least once. 88% of respondents felt pressure to provide an exemption that was not medically justified according to legislation. Seventy-five percent of SIC consultants felt that the "No Jab" policies created a moderate or extreme amount of stress to both themselves and parents. All respondents reported experiencing hostility from parents with three respondents having received threats of violence. Conclusions: Mandatory vaccination policies are associated with increased vaccination coverage but can result in widened financial and social inequity, and may harm families' relationships with health care providers. Countries considering the implementation of vaccination mandates should use the least restrictive health policies to ensure a balance between the public health and individual benefit whilst minimizing burdens on health care professionals, children and their parents.

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The intersection of gender and race in older adults’ decision to receive COVID-19 vaccines

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

The ‘White Male Effect’ in perceptions of risk of dying from COVID‐19

The ‘White Male Effect’ in perceptions of risk of dying from COVID‐19

Rural Americans’ COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 with Their Community Pharmacists: An Exploratory Study

The Impact of Australian Childhood Vaccination Mandates on Immunization Specialists and Their Interactions With Families

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