The Investigation of Heavy Metal Levels in Water and Sediment From Işikli Lake (Turkey) in Relation to Seasons and Physico-Chemical Parameters

Abstract

Abstract:This paper presents data on the concentrations of ten heavy metal levels in water and sediment sampled from Işıklı Lake (Turkey) as seasonally (October-2012, January-2013, April-2013, July-2013 and shows relationships between physico-chemical parameters and levels of heavy metals. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity were measured. In water, Pb was below detection limit (<0.005) in all seasons, while Cu (<0.0005) was in autumn and winter. Fe had the highest level and Cd had the lowest level among the analyzed metals. Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Se reached the highest levels in summer, while Cd, Mo and Zn were in spring. Cd, Cr, Mo and Zn in autumn, Cu and Se in spring, and Fe, Mn, and Ni in winter were the lowest. Cd, Cu and Mo levels varied significantly (p<0.05) from season to season. There were positive relationships among temperature, pH value (p<0.05) and EC. Significant negative correlation (<0.01) was determined between temperature and dissolved oxygen. Significant (Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn) and non-significant (Cd, Fe, Mo, Ni and Se) positive correlations were detected between content in water and temperature. There were positive correlations between pH and dissolved oxygen, while negative correlation with EC. When the pH value increased, only Mo level decreased. Dissolved oxygen levels had a positive relationship with EC and all studied metals except Cu. There were positive relationships between EC and Cd, Cr, Mn, Mo and Zn, the others were significant negative (<0.01). In sediment, Se was below detection limit in winter, other metals were detected in all seasons. Fe was the highest while Cd was the lowest in sediment. Cd, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn reached the highest levels in spring, while Fe in winter, Cu in autumn, Pb in summer. Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn in winter, Cd and Se in autumn, Cu in summer and Fe in spring were the lowest. Cd, Cu and Mo levels varied significantly (p<0.05) from season to season.

A biomonitoring study: Using the biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio for the evaluation of water pollution in Sapanca lake (Sakarya, Turkey)

“…Then the liver tissue was followed by gill and muscle tissues, respectively. Heavy metals usually accumulate more in non-lethal concentrations in the metabolically active organs of fish, such as the liver (Kargın and Erdem, 1992;Gülcü-Gür and Tekin-Özan, 2017). The high concentration of metal in the gill is due to the metals absorbed by breathing water adhering to the mucus in the gill and staying between lamellae (Heath, 1987;Al-Bairuty, 2013;Stanley and Preethe, 2016).…”