The Isolation and Characterisation of the Ovine Growth Hormone Gene

Abstract

The ovine growth hormone gene has been isolated and sequenced, together with about 1 kbp of DNA flanking each end of the gene. The structure of the gene is similar to that found for other growth hormone genes, particularly the bovine gene, and has a primary transcript of 1792 bp, with five exons, and with intron sizes of 264 bp, 231 bp, 227 bp and 273 bp.The gene is flanked by artiodactyl-specific middle-repetitive DNA, consisting mainly of elements belonging to the 'C-A3' family of repeated DNA. A previously unreported sequence has been found, which we have named an 'E' element.

Structure and Functional Analysis of a Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Growth Hormone Gene: Activation and Repression by Pituitary Transcription Factor Pit-1

“…It is identical to the poly(A ) signal found in salm on, barramundi, chick, and mammals but differs from the carp poly(A) signal, ATTAAA. In addition, the length of the tiGH 39 -UTR is substantially the same as in mammal, chicken, and barramundi GH genes (100±180 bp) (Miller et al, 1980;Tanaka et al, 1992;Barta et al, 1981;DeNoto et al, 1981;Gordon et al, 1983;Byrne et al, 1987;Vize and Wells, 1987;Yowe and Epping, 1995) in contrast to 500 bp in other fishes (Agellon et al, 1988;Johansen et al, 1989;Chiou et al, 1990;Ber and Daniel, 1992;Zhu et al, 1992;Devlin, 1993;Du et al, 1993;Tang et al, 1993). The 59 flanking region of the tiGH gene contains the sequence TATAAA at a distance of 23 nt upstream from the transcription start point.…”

“…The nucleotide sequence of GH genes has been determined from birds (Tanaka et al, 1992), mammals (Barta et al, 1981;DeNoto et al, 1981;Gordon et al, 1983;Byrne et al, 1987;Vize and Wells, 1987), and fishes (Agellon et al, 1988;Johansen et al, 1989;Chiou et al, 1990;Ber and Daniel, 1992;Zhu et al, 1992;Devlin, 1993;Du et al, 1993;Tang et al, 1993;Yowe and Epping, 1995). The primary transcript ranges from 1631 nt to 4166 nt in length.…”

Regulation of expression of a sheep metallothionein 1a-sheep growth hormone fusion gene in transgenic mice.

“…promoter sequence (extending upstream from a region 21 base pairs downstream from the MT-la cap site [20]), 5' to the sheep growth hormone gene (3), at a BamHI site present in the native gene at position -59 (Fig. 1).…”

Duplicate growth hormone genes in sheep and goat

“…The other two are very similar and code for a protein differing from pituitary preGH at three amino acid residues, which appears to correspond to the product of the GH2-Z gene. Byrne et al (1987) provided a rather different sequence for a GH-like gene in sheep, which differs at about 44 nucleotides from the sequence of Orian et al (1988); in some respects this resembles the GH2-Z gene, but the match is far from complete. This may reflect variation between sheep strains of the kind noted by Ofir & Gootwine (1997).…”