The king, the church and the Jews: some considerations on the expulsions from England and France

Menache, Sophia

doi:10.1016/0304-4181(87)90015-7

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is consistent with the findings that stronger states were responsible for ending the European witch-hunts in the late seventeenth century (Levack, 1996;Johnson and Koyama, 2011) and with the argument that the rise of larger and more centralized states led to a gradual increase in bounds of religious toleration in the early modern period (Johnson and Koyama, 2012a). 44 For studies of the expulsion of Jews from England see Leonard (1891); Elman (1937);Ovrut (1977); Menache (1987); Stacey (1997Stacey ( , 2000; Mundill (1998);Katznelson (2005); Koyama (2010b). For studies of the expulsion of Jews from Spain see Kamen (1988);Gerber (1992); Roth (1995).…”

Section: Why Did the Relationship Between Weather And Expulsions Breasupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Historians and sociologists have documented how the birth of new nation states in the late medieval period was often accompanied by the expulsion of the Jews and other 'alien' populations (Baron, 1967a;Menache, 1987;Barkey and Katznelson, 2011). This factor was certainly an important one in explaining the expulsion of Jews from England in 1290 and Spain in 1492.…”

Section: Why Did the Relationship Between Weather And Expulsions Breamentioning

confidence: 99%

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From the Persecuting to the Protective State? Jewish Expulsions and Weather Shocks from 1100 to 1800

2013

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What factors caused the persecution of minorities in medieval and early modern Europe? We build a model that predicts that minority communities were more likely to be expropriated in the wake of negative income shocks. We then use panel data consisting of 785 city-level expulsions of Jews from 933 European cities between 1100 and 1800 to test the implications of the model. We use the variation in city-level temperature to test whether expulsions were associated with colder growing seasons. We find that a one standard deviation decrease in average growing season temperature in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was associated with a one to two percentage point increase in the likelihood that a Jewish community would be expelled. Drawing on our model and on additional historical evidence we argue that the rise of state capacity was one reason why this relationship between negative income shocks and expulsions weakened after 1600.

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Section: Why Did the Relationship Between Weather And Expulsions Breasupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Why Did the Relationship Between Weather And Expulsions Breamentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Persecuting to the Protective State? Jewish Expulsions and Weather Shocks from 1100 to 1800

2013

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“…Some work in this mode stresses the rise of constitutionalism, policies of centralization, the extension of the king's regalian rights, or the twin processes of modernization and mobilization (Jordan 1998;Kriegel 1978;Leonard 1891;Menache 1987). Others argue that the expulsion of Jews was the result of a very early process of secularization and the rise of the nation as a unit of cultural identification (Baron 1929;Guenée 1967;Strayer 1971).…”

Section: Alternative Literaturesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A second familiar line of explanation centers on elite and popular hostility to Jews, with special emphasis on the radical transformation in the ambitions and world-view of the Church, the advent of Crusading, the rise of militant mendicant orders, the stimulation of local religious enthusiasms, increasing hostility by religious leaders to usury, and Rome's insistence that Jews wear a differentiating badge (Berman 1937;Coulet 1990;Levy 1995;Menache 1985Menache , 1987Nahon 1962). This literature also underscores the personal religious commitments of kings (Edward as a Crusader, and Philip IVas "super Saint Louis"), as well as contentious episodes of anti-Jewish defamation and violence (Brown 1980;Chazan 1973;Jordan 1989).…”

Section: Alternative Literaturesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Following this course, the king assured that the Jews would provide as much as they could, help meet the fiscal crisis, then leave. Rather than keep them as fiscal assets, by expelling the Jews the crown would gain enhanced legitimacy for a more secure modern system of taxation (other victims of such calculations were the Templars and the Lombards) (Menache 1987).…”

Section: When Normandy Was Frenchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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States, regimes, and decisions: why Jews were expelled from Medieval England and France

Barkey

Katznelson

2011

Theor Soc

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This article explores the relation between the expulsion of Jews from medieval England and France and state building, geo-politics, regime styles, and taxation in these countries. Jews were evicted as a result of attempts by kings to manage royal insecurity, refashion relations between state and society, and build more durable systems of taxation within the territories they claimed as theirs. As they engaged in state building and extended their ties, often conflictual, to key societal and political actors, Jews became financially less important but more visible as outsiders, becoming a liability for the crown. Similar mechanisms were at work despite important differences distinguishing England's growing regime of rights and representation and France's emergent absolutist patrimonialism.

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Religion and persecution

Khalil,

Panza

2024

J Econ Growth

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This paper investigates the relationship between local religiosity and episodes of persecutions in Europe between 1100 and 1850. We introduce a novel proxy for measuring local religion: the cult of saints in early Western Christianity. Our findings show that cities with an established cult of a saint are 11% points more likely to engage in Jewish persecutions and witch trials. However, cities with more progressive gender norms, measured by the presence of a female saint cult, are less likely to persecute witches compared to male-only saint cities. Our baseline relationship persists after controlling for a range of city-level economic, geographic and institutional characteristics and after accounting for other major confounders. Suggestive evidence points towards two mechanisms behind the saints-persecution relationship: (i) changes in norms induced by longer exposure to Christianity; and (ii) proximity of religious groups due to congruence of religious festivities.

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The king, the church and the Jews: some considerations on the expulsions from England and France

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

From the Persecuting to the Protective State? Jewish Expulsions and Weather Shocks from 1100 to 1800

From the Persecuting to the Protective State? Jewish Expulsions and Weather Shocks from 1100 to 1800

States, regimes, and decisions: why Jews were expelled from Medieval England and France

Religion and persecution

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