The lands west of the lakes; A history of the Ajattappareng kingdoms of South Sulawesi 1200 to 1600 CE

Family Matters: Bugis Genealogies and Their Contribution to Austronesian Studies

“…She looked down at the lake: she summoned the people of This extract provides no less than 20 discrete pieces of information about Wé Tékéwanua; for the preceding three rulers, excluding their names, we are given a total of just nine. Genealogies from Suppaq, Sidénréng, Soppéng, Boné and Luwuq tell a similar story (Caldwell 1988;Druce 2009;Macknight and Mukhlis, unpublished). These qualitative and quantitative expansions of data reflect the development of writing.…”

“…An important point here is that the striking expansion of information after 1400 has no relation to the origins of organised political life in South Sulawesi but simply represents the moment when writing began. Several former kingdoms of South Sulawesi have archaeological records that date back to the 13th or 14th centuries (Kallupa et al 1989;Bulbeck 1992;Bulbeck andCaldwell 2000, 2004;Druce 2009). However, none of the written records of those kingdoms contains reliable information before the 15th century.…”

“…An excellent example of how closely 16th-century rulers were related is provided by the genealogies of two Ajattappareng kingdoms, Suppaq and Sawitto (Druce 2009 Thus the ruler of Sidénréng was the half-brother of the ruler of Suppaq, and both were grandsons of the arung Marioriwawo and Tanétélangiq. La Patéddungi married the sister of the arung Rappang and thus became the brother-in-law of her husband the ruler of Sawitto.…”

“…Some, primarily those found in chronicles, have been used to write the histories of the larger kingdoms (Zainal Abidin 1985;Bulbeck 1996;Druce 2009), but most remain unexamined in the scattered codices of Bugis historical writings. These texts were copied and recopied over time, leading to corruption, with the result that different versions of a genealogy may offer variant names and places.…”

Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia

“…A couple of hundred ships sailed the Sulawesi, Banda and Java seas, while an estimated twelve went to nearby Kalimantan (Borneo). About a dozen undertook longer journeys to the north (Macau, Manila and other Philippine ports) and a similar number went 12 The consensus is that after c. 1400 rice production and population growth in South Sulawesi intensified, as agriculture came to offer a stronger base for state formation than trade (Macknight 1983;Druce 2009;Bulbeck and Caldwell 2008). 13 Wolf (1982:82) emphasizes that such tributary 'modes of production' could not be understood in isolation, but only in the context of power constellations.…”