The leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, is more sensitive to N-cyanoamidine neonicotinoid and butenolide insecticides than other managed bees

Hayward, Angela; Beadle, Katherine; Singh, Kumar Saurabh; Exeler, Nina; Zaworra, Marion; Almanza, Maria-Teresa; Nikolakis, Alexander; Garside, Christina; Glaubitz, Johannes; Bass, Chris; Nauen, Ralf

doi:10.1038/s41559-019-1011-2

Cited by 62 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It was also similar to the 48 h LD 50 of 18 ng a.i./bee reported by Helson, Barber & Kingsbury (1994), although they kept their bees in posttreatment containers at 16 ˚C which is almost 10 ˚C cooler than other experiments. Our 72 hr LD 50 for imidacloprid (17.36 ng a.i./bee) was within two-fold of the 48 h LD 50 generated by Hayward et al (2019) of 10 ng/bee.…”

Section: Peerj Reviewing Pdf | (supporting

confidence: 46%

Peer Review #1 of "Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (v0.1)"

Peterson¹

2021

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The current pesticide risk assessment paradigm may not adequately protect solitary bees as it focuses primarily on the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is a potential surrogate species for use in pesticide risk assessment for solitary bees in North America. However, the toxicity of potential toxic reference standards to M. rotundata will need to be determined before pesticide risk assessment tests (tier I trials) can be implemented. Therefore, we assessed the acute topical toxicity and generated LD 50 values for three insecticides: dimethoate (62.08 ng a.i./bee), permethrin (50.01 ng a.i./bee), and imidacloprid (12.82 ng a.i/bee). The variation in the mass of individual bees had a significant but small effect on these toxicity estimates.Overall, the toxicity of these insecticides to M. rotundata were within the 10-fold safety factor currently used with A. mellifera toxicity estimates from tier I trials to estimate risk to other bee species. Therefore, tier I pesticide risk assessments with solitary bees may not be necessary, and efforts could be directed to developing more realistic, higher-tier pesticide risk assessment trials for solitary bees.

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Section: Peerj Reviewing Pdf | (supporting

confidence: 46%

Peer Review #1 of "Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (v0.1)"

Peterson¹

2021

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“…EBI fungicide inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzymatic detoxification mechanism in insects which is necessary for oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics (Brattsten et al., 1994). Metabolic detoxification mediated by cytochrome P450s contributes significantly to bee tolerance to some insecticides (Beadle et al., 2019; Hayward et al., 2019; Johnson et al., 2006), and cytochrome P450 activity has been shown to be an important determinant of neonicotinoid sensitivity in bumblebees (Manjon et al., 2018). The inhibition of this detoxification mechanism may lead to insecticide residues being metabolized more slowly, although the effect is dose dependent, and the extent of synergism in field‐realistic conditions is unclear (Thompson et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple stressors interact to impair the performance of bumblebee Bombus terrestris colonies

Botías

Jones

Pamminger

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Bumblebees are constantly exposed to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses which they must defend themselves against to survive. Pathogens and pesticides represent important stressors that influence bumblebee health, both when acting alone or in combination. To better understand bumblebee health, we need to investigate how these factors interact, yet experimental studies to date generally focus on only one or two stressors. The aim of this study is to evaluate how combined effects of four important stressors (the gut parasite Nosema ceranae, the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam, the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin and the EBI fungicide tebuconazole) interact to affect bumblebees at the individual and colony levels. We established seven treatment groups of colonies that we pulse exposed to different combinations of these stressors for 2 weeks under laboratory conditions. Colonies were subsequently placed in the field for 7 weeks to evaluate the effect of treatments on the prevalence of N. ceranae in inoculated bumblebees, expression levels of immunity and detoxification‐related genes, food collection, weight gain, worker and male numbers, and production of worker brood and reproductives. Exposure to pesticide mixtures reduced food collection by bumblebees. All immunity‐related genes were upregulated in the bumblebees inoculated with N. ceranae when they had not been exposed to pesticide mixtures, and bumblebees exposed to the fungicide and the pyrethroid were less likely to have N. ceranae. Combined exposure to the three‐pesticide mixture and N. ceranae reduced bumblebee colony growth, and all treatments had detrimental effects on brood production. The groups exposed to the neonicotinoid insecticide produced 40%–76% fewer queens than control colonies. Our findings show that exposure to combinations of stressors that bumblebees frequently come into contact with have detrimental effects on colony health and performance and could therefore have an impact at the population level. These results also have significant implications for current practices and policies for pesticide risk assessment and use as the combinations tested here are frequently applied simultaneously in the field. Understanding the interactions between different stressors will be crucial for improving our ability to manage bee populations and for ensuring pollination services into the future.

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“…In addition to this physiological explanation there is some genomic evidence suggesting that A. mellifera, and by extension likely additional members of the Apis genus, lack some substantial detoxifying enzymes (including glutathione-Stransferases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and carboxyl/cholinesterases) which are essential for detoxifying a range of xenobiotics including insecticides [53]. This line of evidence is supported by recent findings which pinpoint members of the P450 family as key determinates of bee sensitivity to different insecticides [22,35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…All reported substance specific LD50 were categorized according to their mode of action (MoA [30]) and the four currently most commonly used insecticides were selected for further analysis [31][32][33][34]. The neonicotinoids were split between cyano-(c-) and nitro-(n-) substituted neonicotinoids, as it is known that bee species' responses can drastically differ between these two classes [22,35,36]. This resulted in five insecticide classes for analysis: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-inhibitors), pyrethroids, cand n-substituted neonicotinoids and organochlorines.…”

Section: Data Selection and Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrapolating acute bee sensitivity to insecticides using a phylogenetically informed interspecies scaling framework

Pamminger

2020

Preprint

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Plant protection products, including insecticides, are important for global food production. Historically, research of the adverse effects of insecticides on bees has focused on the honeybee (Apis mellifera), while non-Apis bee species remained understudied. Consequently, sensitivity assessment of insecticides for the majority of bees is lacking, which in turn hinders accurate risk characterization and consequently bee protection. Interspecies sensitivity extrapolation based on body weight offers a potential solution to this problem, but in the past such approaches have often ignored the phylogenetic background and consequently non independence of species used in such models. Using published data on the sensitivity of different bee species to commonly used insecticides, their body weight and phylogenetic background I build interspecies scaling models (ISMs) applying a phylogenetically informed framework. In addition, I compared, the relative sensitivity of the standard test species Apis mellifera to other bee species to evaluate their protectiveness when used as standards screening bee species in the risk assessment process. I found that overall 1) body weight is a predictor of bee sensitivity to insecticides for a range of insecticide classes and 2) A. mellifera is the most sensitive standard test species currently available and consequently a suitable surrogate species for ecotoxicological risk assessment.

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The leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, is more sensitive to N-cyanoamidine neonicotinoid and butenolide insecticides than other managed bees

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Peer Review #1 of "Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (v0.1)"

Peer Review #1 of "Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (v0.1)"

Multiple stressors interact to impair the performance of bumblebee Bombus terrestris colonies

Extrapolating acute bee sensitivity to insecticides using a phylogenetically informed interspecies scaling framework

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