The Level of Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines in Sperm Plasma of Fertile and Infertile Men

Abstract

The present study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the relation of the content of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines with the sperm quality indicators. The study involved 45 patients with a pathological spermogram and 15 practically healthy men. A positive correlation (r = 0.45) between the content of IL-6 and the sperm concentration in the ejaculate and a negative correlation (r =-0.42) of this cytokine with the number of live sperm were revealed. The concentration of IL-8 was positively correlated with sperm density (r = 0.52) and it was negatively correlated with the number of live sperm (r =-0.55). A positive correlation between the content of IL-10 and the sperm concentration as well as the number of active forms was observed (r = 0.45 and 0.5, respectively), and a negative correlation (r =-0.7) was observed between the ejaculate volume and the concentration of IL-10. In the obtained ejaculates, a close positive correlation between the content of IL-8 and IL-6 (r = 0.74) and between the concentration of IL-10 and IL-6 (r = 0.72) was observed. Based on the completed study, a conclusion was made that the increased level of IL-6 and IL-8 may result in the reduction of the sperm quality, and, possibly, infertility, and that IL-10 plays an important role in improving sperm parameters.

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“…The cytokines and chemokines play important roles in fertility and infertility [ 43 ]. Furthermore, they participate in the reproduction, innate and cellular immune responses, inflammation, growth regulation, germ cell differentiation and intracellular transduction signals in the male reproductive tract [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Cytokines are contained in the seminal plasma, since they are part of the autocrine/paracrine network operating in the male tract to activate the innate host defense to combat genital tract pathogens by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferons (IFN-γ), chemokines (IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) [ 47 , 48 , 49 ] by immunocompetent cells distributed in different parts of the genital tract and other components [ 47 ].…”

Scientific Horizons

“…The features of volume dynamics (cm 3 ), colour and consistency characteristics (ocular estimate) and mass (g, mg,%) of the UVM components were established according to the requirements of quantitative (gravimetric) and qualitative analysis methods (Williams et al, 2005;World Health Organisation, 2000). Specially introduced (Maksymyuk et al, 2021;Maksymyuk et al, 2019) formulas (1) and (2) were used to establish the correlation between the UVM signs and the indicators of its physical and chemical state (Δ changes, or an imbalance of homeostasis of a biological system of the "medium -substance" type):…”

“…The designation of the features of the mass imbalance of the UVM components and its DR is given by non-systemic absolute (Im:1 -g, mg) and relative (Ic:1 -%) indicators. The methodology for determining and assessing the harmful effects of mass imbalance is represented by indicators of fractions of aqueous extracts of powdered samples of the DR of the UVM (Maksymyuk et al, 2021;Maksymyuk et al, 2019).…”

“…This leads to changes in the hormonal and enzyme statuses of the body during puberty (Gonchar, 2014;Denisenko et al, 2008), increased risk of miscarriage (Adnane & Chapwanya, 2022;Ki, et al, 2014;Srinivasan et al, 2021), a low-weight foetus is born (Hernandez-Castellano et al, 2020). The level of fertilisation of cows also depends on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the UVM, which contributes to the active movement of sperm through the channels and ducts of the female genital tract towards the ovum (contact) (Maksymyuk et al, 2021;Maksymyuk et al, 2019).…”