The life and times of the Enterococcus.

Murray, B E

doi:10.1128/cmr.3.1.46-65.1990

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(275 reference statements)

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“…Since all of the E. faecium strains we studied have not been examined for their ability to transfer their antibiotic resistance phenotypes, it is not possible to correlate the presence of plasmid with antibiotic resistance with certainty. During the last decade, multiple drug‐resistant enterococci have become significantly important from a clinical point of view ( Murray 1990; Gray & Pedler 1992; Korten & Murray 1993; Tailor et al . 1993 ), with E. faecium considered the second most clinically important species accounting for about 5–10% of all encountered clinical isolates of Enterococcus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Malaysia

Radu¹,

Nimita

Rusul

et al. 1999

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Enterococcus faecium isolated from 10 of 75 (13·3%) tenderloin beef samples were examined for resistance to selected antibiotics, presence of plasmids, and genetic diversity by random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis. All strains showed multiple resistant to the antibiotics tested. Multiple antibiotic indexing of the vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strains showed that all (100%) originated from high risk contamination environments where antibiotics were often used. Plasmids ranging in size from 1·5 to 36 megadalton were detected in 15 of 19 (79%) strains. Thus, three plasmid profiles and eight antibiotypes were observed among the E. faecium strains. A high degree of polymorphism was obtained by combining the results of the two primers used; with the 19 E. faecium strains being differentiated into 19 RAPD-types. These preliminary results suggest that RAPD-PCR has application for epidemiologic studies and that resistance patterns and plasmid profiling could be used as an adjunct to RAPD for the typing of E. faecium in the study area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decade, enterococci have become increasingly important cause of nosocomial infections Murray 1990; Korten & Murray 1993). Ampicillin and aminoglycosides have been considered the drugs of choice for treatment of serious enterococcal infections ( Calia 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Malaysia

Radu¹,

Nimita

Rusul

et al. 1999

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…jierulis in human enterococcal infections has been estimated to be between 80 and 90'%), while the rest of the cases corresponded to En[. /iiri.ium (Murray 1990;Ruoff ct 01. 1990;Moellering 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of antibiotic resistance and sex pheromone response among enterococci isolated from clinical human samples and from municipal waste water

Valdivia

Martín-Sánchez

Quirantes

et al. 1996

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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The incidence of resistance to various antibiotics as well as the capacity to elicit aggregation response to sex pheromones have been investigated in strains of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from clinical and municipal waste waters (MWW). While clinical isolates showed a high incidence of antibiotic resistance (87%) and sex pheromone response (33%), these traits appeared with a much lower frequency in MWW isolates (12% and 4% respectively). The simultaneous incidence of both traits was of 52% and 0% for clinical and MWW isolates, respectively. The capacity to elicit a positive pheromone response as well as antibiotic resistance traits seemed to be strongly correlated with the presence of gelatinase activity among clinical isolates. Among MWW isolates, only sex pheromone response seemed to correlate with the presence of gelatinase activity.

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“…In the present study, we aim to verify the activities of these plants against a panel of seven bacterial pathogens known to trigger and/or exacerbate gastrointestinal diseases, and to determine whether combinations of T. bellirica, T. chebula or E. officinalis alter the spectrum and efficacy of the therapy. E. faecalis was also included in the study as a non-pathogenic species present within the human alimentary tract (Murray, 1990) in order to compare the effects of the extracts on this strain with those on pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, we also sought to detect additive or synergistic interactions and determine the nature of those interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of specific combinations of the triphala plant component extracts to potentiate the inhibition of gastrointestinal bacterial growth

Tiwana

Cock

White

et al. 2020

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Triphala is used in Ayurveda to treat a wide variety of diseases, including numerous bacterial infections. Interestingly, the plant components of triphala (Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula and Emblica officinalis) are also good inhibitors of bacterial growth when used individually, yet plant preparations are generally used in combination in traditional medicine. Surprisingly, no previous studies have addressed the reason why the combination is preferred over the individual components to treat bacterial infections. Aim of the study:To test and compare the antibacterial efficacy of triphala and its component parts to quantify their relative efficacies. The individual plant components will also be tested as combinations, thereby determining whether combining the individual components potentiates the antibacterial activity of the components used alone. Materials and methods:Triphala and the three individual plant components were extracted using solvents of varying polarity (methanol, water, ethyl acetate) and the antibacterial activity of the aqueous resuspensions was quantified by disc diffusion and broth microdilution MIC assays. Combinations of extracts produced from the individual components were also tested against each bacterial species and the ΣFICs was calculated to determine the class of interaction.Where synergy was detected, isobologram analysis was used to determine the optimal component ratios. The Artemia nauplii bioassay was used to test for toxicity and GC-MS headspace profiling analysis was used to highlight terpenoid components that may contribute to the antibacterial activity of triphala. Results:The aqueous and methanolic triphala, T. bellirica, T. chebula and E. officinalis extracts displayed good inhibitory activity against all bacterial strains, with MICs often in the 250-750 μg/mL range. The methanolic extracts were generally more potent than the aqueous extracts and T. chebula was the most potent of the individual plant components. Combining the extracts of the different plant species resulted in potentiation of the growth inhibitory activity of most combinations compared to that of the individual components. Indeed, with the exception of S. flexneri, all bacterial species were potentiated by at least one combination of methanolic plant extracts, with a substantial proportion of these displaying synergistic interactions. All extracts were found to be either non-toxic, or of low to moderate toxicity in Artemia nauplii assays. Conclusion:Whilst the individual plant components of triphala all inhibit the growth of multiple pathogenic bacteria, the activity is potentiated for multiple combinations. Therefore, the traditional usage of the combination of the three plant materials in triphala not only extends the activity profile of the mixture over that of the individual components, but it also substantially potentiates the inhibitory activity towards multiple bacteria, partially explaining the preference of triphala compared to the individual components.

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The life and times of the Enterococcus.

Cited by 9 publications

References 131 publications

Isolation and molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Malaysia

Isolation and molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Malaysia

Incidence of antibiotic resistance and sex pheromone response among enterococci isolated from clinical human samples and from municipal waste water

Use of specific combinations of the triphala plant component extracts to potentiate the inhibition of gastrointestinal bacterial growth

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