The localization and regulation of Antennapedia protein expression in Drosophila embryos

Carroll, Sean B.; Laymon, Robert A.; McCutcheon, Michael; Riley, P D; Scott, Matthew P.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90372-7

Cited by 177 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The wild-type patterns of each individual protein have been described previously, though generally not in comparison with any other products. The proteins are encoded by ftz , en (DiNardo et al 1985), Scr (Riley et al 1987;Mahaffey and Kaufman 1987), Antp (Carroll et al 1986;Wirz et al 1986) and Ubx Wilcox 1984, 1895a;Beachy et al 1985); the antibody preparations used are described in the first references given in each case. In addition, a monoclonal antibody that detects Scr protein was kindly provided by M. Glicksman and D. Brower (manuscript submitted).…”

Section: Localization Of Proteins In Whole Mount Drosophila Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial relationships between segmentation and homeotic gene expression in Drosophila embryos: distributions of the fushi tarazu, engrailed, Sex combs reduced, Antennapedia, and Ultrabithorax proteins.

Carroll¹,

DiNardo²,

O’Farrell³

et al. 1988

Genes Dev.

109

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The specification of segment number and identity in the Drosophila embryo requires the activity of several classes of genes that may be grouped according to the array of pattern elements that they control. Double-label immunofluorescence was used to simultaneously localize the products of genes representative of the pair-rule segmentation class (fushi tarazu), the segment polarity class (engraile~, and the homeotic class (Sex combs reduced, Antennapedia, and Ultrabithorax) of pattern-regulating genes. The temporal order of appearance of each class of proteins and the precise spatial relationships between the products of the different genes are described with single-cell resolution. Boundaries of gene expression, particularly the parasegmental boundaries, are established by early-acting genes such as fushi tarazu and subsequently respected by the expression patterns of later appearing gene products such as engrailed and Ultrabithorax, suggesting regulatory relationships between certain pairs of genes. In addition, the dynamic transitions observed in spatial relationship among the Sex combs reduced, Antennapedia, and Ultrabithorax homeotic protein patterns during the early period of embryogenesis may reflect cross-regulatory interactions among these genes. Finally, some cells contain a single homeotic product, whereas other cells simultaneously contain several, suggesting that certain cells may be determined by the combinatorial action of homeotic genes.

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Section: Localization Of Proteins In Whole Mount Drosophila Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial relationships between segmentation and homeotic gene expression in Drosophila embryos: distributions of the fushi tarazu, engrailed, Sex combs reduced, Antennapedia, and Ultrabithorax proteins.

Carroll¹,

DiNardo²,

O’Farrell³

et al. 1988

Genes Dev.

109

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“…All insects have three pairs of thoracic legs, the morphology of which is thought to be determined by Hox genes regulating a variety of downstream target genes related to limb development, such as Distal-less (Dll), Wingless (Wg) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp) (Jockusch et al, 2000;Grienenberger et al, 2003;Gebelein et al, 2004). In Drosophila melanogaster, the homeotic Antennapedia (Antp) gene is expressed in the thoracic embryonic epidermis and is required for proper development of the thorax and legs (Abbott and Kaufman, 1986;Carroll et al, 1986;Wirz et al, 1986). Loss-of-function mutations in the embryo result in transformation of the second and third thoracic segments toward the prothoracic segment (Wakimoto and Kaufman, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antennapedia is involved in the development of thoracic legs and segmentation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Chen

Tong

et al. 2013

Heredity

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Homeotic genes, which are associated closely with body patterning of various species, specify segment identity. The Wedge eye-spot (Wes) is a new homeotic mutant located on the sixth linkage group. Homozygous Wes/Wes embryos are lethal and display a pair of antenna-like appendages under the mouthparts as well as fused thoracic segments. These mutants also exhibit a narrower eye-spot at the larval stage compared with the wild type. By positional cloning, we identified the candidate gene of the Wes locus, Bombyx mori Antennapedia (BmAntp). Two BmAntp transcripts were identified in the homozygote of the Wes mutant, including a normal form and an abnormal form with a 1570-bp insertion. Our data showed that the insertion element was a long interspersed nuclear element (LINE)-like transposon that destroyed the original open reading frame of BmAntp. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of normal BmAntp transcripts were increased markedly in the Wes heterozygous larvae compared with the wild type. Furthermore, we performed RNAi of BmAntp and observed fused thoracic segments and defective thoracic legs in the developing embryos. Our results indicated that BmAntp is responsible for the Wes mutant and has an important role in determining the proper development of the thoracic segments. Our identification of a homeotic mutation in the silkworm is an important contribution to our understanding of the regulation of Hox genes at different levels of expression.

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“…In Drosophila their best-known targets are homeotic genes, which are involved in regulating anterior-posterior body patterning (7)(8)(9). Homeotic genes are expressed in spatially restricted domains along the anteriorposterior axis (10,11). Their expression patterns are initially established by transiently expressed gap and pair-rule proteins, and later maintained by PcG and trithorax group (trxG) proteins: PcG proteins maintain repression of genes outside of their expressing domains, and trxG proteins maintain gene expression within the correct domains (5,7,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Caenorhabditis elegans maternal-effect sterile proteins, MES-2, MES-3, and MES-6, are associated in a complex in embryos

Fong

Strome

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The localization and regulation of Antennapedia protein expression in Drosophila embryos

Cited by 177 publications

References 39 publications

Temporal and spatial relationships between segmentation and homeotic gene expression in Drosophila embryos: distributions of the fushi tarazu, engrailed, Sex combs reduced, Antennapedia, and Ultrabithorax proteins.

Temporal and spatial relationships between segmentation and homeotic gene expression in Drosophila embryos: distributions of the fushi tarazu, engrailed, Sex combs reduced, Antennapedia, and Ultrabithorax proteins.

Antennapedia is involved in the development of thoracic legs and segmentation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

The Caenorhabditis elegans maternal-effect sterile proteins, MES-2, MES-3, and MES-6, are associated in a complex in embryos

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