The long-term effects of birth by caesarean section: The case for a randomised controlled trial

Hyde, Matthew J.; Modi, Neena

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.006

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Instead they are representative of reported health risk associations. An additional discussion of the shortand long-term implications of CD can be found in Hyde and Modi [22] and Hyde et al [117].…”

Section: Breastfeeding and Microbiome Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the long-term effects of VD vs. CD remain to be fully established, the reported association of CD with a higher prevalence of many pediatric immune dysfunctiondriven, persistent, chronic diseases [16][17][18] as well as the known pattern of comorbid interlinkages among immune-based chronic diseases [19][20][21] suggests that a difference in later-life chronic disease burden associated with CD may be likely. In a recent review, Hyde and Modi [22] included metabolic syndrome-associated disorders, immune-related diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, and neurodevelopmental conditions among the categories of elevated health risks that have been associated with CD.…”

Section: Vaginal Vs Caesarean Delivery: Changing Trends and Potentiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Childbirth and Breastfeeding as Preventive Measures of Immune- Microbiome Dysbiosis and Misregulated Inflammation

Dietert¹

2013

J Anc Dis Prev Rem

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Much of the prior century was spent applying the latest emerging technologies toward managing pregnancy, childbirth, and infant development. The idea was that each change was significantly improving the health of our children across their lifetime. But it is now clear that with several of the adopted practices, there have been unintended consequences. We have run the risk of losing certain distinct advantages that were inherently embedded in ancient cultures and practices. Among these were the microbial-rich experiences of natural childbirth, breastfeeding, and agrarian living. These practices permitted children to acquire a complete microbiome thereby facilitating immune development and appropriate later-life immune responses. Perceived technology-associated benefits such as scheduled Caesarian births, urban sanitized living, and earlier and ever increasing vaccine burdens have helped to reduce the burden of some childhood illnesses. But recent studies suggest that they have also produced serious, unanticipated consequences for today's children: an increased likelihood for human-microbiome incompleteness, lifelong immune dysfunction, and inflammation-promoted chronic disease. This review will examine recent evidence suggesting that a more effective blending of ancient practices and remedies with modern technology and medical knowledge could help to restore the human-microbiome super organism to its historic status, improve pediatric immune homeostasis and reduce risk of later-life chronic diseases.historic birth and infant feeding practices. As discussed by Wolf [4], there is an irony that early in the 20 th century public health officials were advocating increased breastfeeding by mothers and early in the 21 st century the same exact message has been repeated albeit with a different mix of reasons [4]. In the case of the 20 th century call for increased breastfeeding, the primary health concerns were for acute illnesses such as diarrheal diseases, pneumonia, and necrotizing colitis [4]. But for the more recent call, the preventative focus is larger and includes the prevention of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) [5]. This review considers: 1) shifting historic views regarding the value of natural childbirth and breastfeeding as preventive measures, and 2) an emerging paradigm in which natural childbirth (NC) and prolonged infant breastfeeding combine to reduce the risk of inflammation-driven chronic diseases via immune-microbiome co-maturation as well as other possible developmentally-programmed routes. Additionally, NC and breastfeeding are discussed under the broader human ecological framework of a developmental model in which effective humanmicrobe super organism formation between the child's mammalian component and symbiotic microbes that form the child's microbiome, termed the "Completed Self " [6]. Timely, complete and individualized formation of this symbiotic human mammalian-microbial organism or "Completed Self " has been suggested as perhaps the single most important biological sign con...

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Section: Breastfeeding and Microbiome Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaginal Vs Caesarean Delivery: Changing Trends and Potentiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Childbirth and Breastfeeding as Preventive Measures of Immune- Microbiome Dysbiosis and Misregulated Inflammation

Dietert¹

2013

J Anc Dis Prev Rem

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“…3 Conversely, breastfeeding has been associated with a decreased risk of obesity, diabetes and diarrheal diseases. 4 Although the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these correlations appear to stem from differences in gut microbial communities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How delivery mode and feeding can shape the bacterial community in the infant gut

Song

Domínguez-Bello

Knight

2013

CMAJ

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“…Therefore, there is great controversy over some clinical indications for cesarean section. Cesarean section is associated with several conditions in the literature: Roduit, Scholtens, and Jongste (2009) associate it with an increased incidence of asthma; Pistiner, Gold, and Abdulkerim (2008) associate it with atopy; Hyde and Moodi (2012) associate it with type 1 diabetes; Decker, Hornef, and Stockinger (2011) associate it with inflammatory bowel disease; and Wang et al (2013) associate it with childhood obesity. In this way, cesarean sections with controversial indication can be considered unnecessary and a contributing factor to increased child morbidity rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Salam et al (2006) argued that cesarean section increases the risk of atopic disease in childhood, in a manner similar to the risk of the presence of family history of asthma or allergies. Hyde and Moodi (2012) found an association between cesarean section and the onset of type 1 diabetes, and Decker et al (2011) associated it with inflammatory bowel disease. Wang et al (2013) reported that cesarean sections are associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity at the age of 6, although this association is different according to gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal delivery versus elective cesarean section and disease incidence in children aged up to 2 years

Rodrigues¹,

Silva²

2017

Rev. Enf. Ref.

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The long-term effects of birth by caesarean section: The case for a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 59 publications

References 99 publications

Natural Childbirth and Breastfeeding as Preventive Measures of Immune- Microbiome Dysbiosis and Misregulated Inflammation

Natural Childbirth and Breastfeeding as Preventive Measures of Immune- Microbiome Dysbiosis and Misregulated Inflammation

How delivery mode and feeding can shape the bacterial community in the infant gut

Vaginal delivery versus elective cesarean section and disease incidence in children aged up to 2 years

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