The manufacturing technologies of the European breeding blankets

Cardella, A.; Rigal, Emmanuel; Bedel, L.; Bucci, P.; Fiek, J.; Forest, Laurent; Boccaccini, L.V.; Diegele, E.; Giancarli, L.; Hermsmeyer, S.; Janeschitz, G.; Lässer, R.; Puma, A. Li; Lulewicz, J.D; Möslang, A.; Poitevin, Y.; Rabaglino, E.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.014

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Hence, dissimilar weld joint between RAFM and austenitic stainless steel (SS) is inevitable for fabrication of the structures in the fusion reactor. [1] Preparation of dissimilar weld joints between ferritic and austenitic steel is very challenging because of differences in structural, chemical and mechanical properties of the base metals. Dissimilar joints of ferritic and austenitic steel are fabricated by conventional arc welding technique using Ni-based welding consumables (Inconel 82/182) to ensure a desirable weld metal microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Variations Across a Dissimilar 316L Austenitic: 9Cr Reduced Activation Ferritic Martensitic Steel Weld Joint

Paul

Karthikeyan

Dasgupta

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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This paper discuss the microstructural variations across a dissimilar weld joint between SS316 and 9Cr-RAFM steel and its modifications on post weld heat treatments (PWHT). Detailed characterization showed a mixed microstructure of austenite and martensite in the weld which is in agreement with the phases predicted using Schaeffler diagram based on composition measurements. The presence of very low volume fraction of d-ferrite in SS316L has been identified employing state of the art electron back-scattered diffraction technique. PWHT of the ferritic steel did not reduce the hardness in the weld metal. Thermal exposure at 973 K (700°C) showed a progressive reduction in hardness of weld joint with duration of treatment except in austenitic base metal. However, diffusion annealing at 1073 K (800°C) for 100 hours resulted in an unexpected increase in hardness of weld metal, which is a manifestation of the dilution effects and enrichment of Ni on the transformation characteristics of the weld zone. Migration of carbon from ferritic steel aided the precipitation of fine carbides in the austenitic base metal on annealing at 973 K (700°C); but enhanced diffusion at 1073 K (880°C) resulted in coarsening of carbides and thereby reduction of hardness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Variations Across a Dissimilar 316L Austenitic: 9Cr Reduced Activation Ferritic Martensitic Steel Weld Joint

Paul

Karthikeyan

Dasgupta

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…They will finally be directly applied to and verified on the TBM. ITER participant teams are developing their own TBMs to be tested from Day-1 operation of the ITER [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Korea has also proposed a helium cooled molten lithium (HCML) and helium cooled solid breeder (HCSB) blanket [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TBM first wall is a multilayer component consisting of plasma facing armor materials and structural materials, including many cooling channels, to resist and remove the high heat flux from the fusion plasma [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Be and RAFM steels are the primary candidate materials for the armor and structural materials of the TBM, respectively [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The joining of RAFM/RAFM steels that include many cooling channels and Be/RAFM steels is a critical issue in the fabrication of the TBM first wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For successful fabrication of such complex components, the diffusion bonding method is considered to be the most feasible method. In this study, HIP is applied as it is considered a promising diffusion bonding method that allows uniform distribution of the pressure and good dimensional tolerance [10,11]. It is of utmost importance to achieve very good joint mechanical properties, because the joints may be located in areas of the modules that are either highly thermally stressed during operation or highly mechanically stressed in faulted conditions [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, HIP is applied as it is considered a promising diffusion bonding method that allows uniform distribution of the pressure and good dimensional tolerance [10,11]. It is of utmost importance to achieve very good joint mechanical properties, because the joints may be located in areas of the modules that are either highly thermally stressed during operation or highly mechanically stressed in faulted conditions [3]. *Corresponding author: jslee71@kaeri.re.kr ©KIM and Springer However, since HIP is generally performed above the phase transformation temperature of RAFM steel to facilitate the diffusion process, the microstructure of RAFM steel deviates from its optimized state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIP joining of RAFM/RAFM steel and beryllium/RAFM steel for fabrication of the ITER TBM first wall

et al. 2009

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One of the main research and development issues concerning the test blanket module (TBM) is the development of joining technologies for fabrication of the first wall. The objectives of the present study are to investigate the effects of thermal history corresponding to the TBM fabrication process on reduced activation ferritic martensitic (RAFM) steel microstructure, and to establish the appropriate hot isostatic pressure (HIP) conditions for the fabrication of RAFM/RAFM steels and beryllium (Be)/RAFM steels joints without degradation of the mechanical properties of the RAFM steel or delamination of the joined interface. In this study, RAFM and RAFM steels were joined by HIPing at 1050°C under 100 MPa for 2 h. During the HIP process, the thermally altered microstructure and mechanical properties were recovered to the as-received state by subsequent normalizing at 950°C for 2 h and tempering at 750°C for 2 h. Be and RAFM steels were also bonded successfully by the application of Ti/Cu interlayers and HIPing at 850°C under 100 MPa for 2 h.

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The effects of laser machining parameters on roughness and contact angle for boron carbide ceramic surface

Canel

GÖLBAŞI

GEZER

2021

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Hydrophobicity or Hydrophilicity properties of boron carbide ceramic surface can be controlled by manipulating the roughness of the surface and thus the contact angle. In this study, the wettability of the boron carbide surface was manipulated by laser with different parameters. The contact angle was measured at 9th seconds after the droplet was dropped onto the laser‐treated surface. Also, the change in contact angle in the first 9 seconds after the droplet was dropped was examined. For a more hydrophobic surface, it was aimed to have the largest contact angle at 9th seconds after the droplet was dropped and the smallest change with time in contact angle. The effects of laser scan speed, power, frequency and overlap rate on the contact angle of the treated surface were investigated using the Taguchi method. It was calculated to what extent each examined parameter affected the result. The effectiveness rates of the two most effective parameters which were scan speed and overlap rate were obtained. Since the results of the verification tests performed to confirm the results obtained are quite compatible with the results predicted by the Taguchi method, the Taguchi method can be regarded as a reliable method in optimizing laser parameters.

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The manufacturing technologies of the European breeding blankets

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Microstructural Variations Across a Dissimilar 316L Austenitic: 9Cr Reduced Activation Ferritic Martensitic Steel Weld Joint

Microstructural Variations Across a Dissimilar 316L Austenitic: 9Cr Reduced Activation Ferritic Martensitic Steel Weld Joint

HIP joining of RAFM/RAFM steel and beryllium/RAFM steel for fabrication of the ITER TBM first wall

The effects of laser machining parameters on roughness and contact angle for boron carbide ceramic surface

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