The mechanical response of tnt and a composite, Composition B, of TNT and RDX to compressive stress: III dependence on processing and composition

Wiegand, Donald A.; Pinto, J.

doi:10.1080/07370659108019381

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In particular, factors that govern thermal stability (also referred to as the sensitivity to the initiation of detonation, that is, a measure of how much thermal energy is needed to initiate a chemical decomposition) of energetic materials are not fully understood [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. TNT is very stable and is often used in energetic formulations to form either blends [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], coatings [ 25 , 26 ], or polymorphic crystals [ 8 , 9 , 27 ] in efforts focused on increasing stability (i.e., reducing its sensitivity to external perturbation) of high explosive compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the meantime, there is yet another challenge, which is discussed in the research community less frequently. The challenge is related to environmental protection and the need for eliminating toxic explosives from land and water [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Worldwide land and water are contaminated by energetic materials from military conflicts and training activities, manufacturing operations, rocket fuels, dumping, and open burning of obsolete munitions [ 29 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recruiting Perovskites to Degrade Toxic Trinitrotoluene

2021

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Everybody knows TNT, the most widely used explosive material and a universal measure of the destructiveness of explosions. A long history of use and extensive manufacture of toxic TNT leads to the accumulation of these materials in soil and groundwater, which is a significant concern for environmental safety and sustainability. Reliable and cost-efficient technologies for removing or detoxifying TNT from the environment are lacking. Despite the extreme urgency, this remains an outstanding challenge that often goes unnoticed. We report here that highly controlled energy release from explosive molecules can be accomplished rather easily by preparing TNT–perovskite mixtures with a tailored perovskite surface morphology at ambient conditions. These results offer new insight into understanding the sensitivity of high explosives to detonation initiation and enable many novel applications, such as new concepts in harvesting and converting chemical energy, the design of new, improved energetics with tunable characteristics, the development of powerful fuels and miniaturized detonators, and new ways for eliminating toxins from land and water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruiting Perovskites to Degrade Toxic Trinitrotoluene

2021

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“…15 However, if some or all of the porosity is in the form of microcracks, calculations indicate that the compressive strength could increase or decrease but the modulus is still decreased. 15 For specific porosity not in the form of micro-cracks calculations indicate that the relationships between the strength, the elastic modulus and porosity are approximately of the form…”

Section: Octolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Energetic Materials With Aging

Wiegand¹

2003

Journal of Energetic Materials

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The mechanical properties of energetic materials were studied as a function of actual age and accelerated aging produced by heat treatment at elevated temperatures for several months. All measurements were made in uniaxial compression at one or more of three temperatures, i.e. -45, 25 and 65 C at strain rates between 1 and 10/sec. For TNT that was in the stockpile for up to 40 years no change in the compressive properties were found.Single base nitrocellulose propellants that were subjected to 65 C for 18 months also gave no change in the compressive strength. In addition, the compressive strength of a plastic bonded explosive, PAX2A, were not changed after six months at 60 C and 12 months at 50 C. In contrast, after six months at 70 C the compressive strength and modulus of octol were reduced by up to about 40%. The compressive strengths of double and triple base nitrocellulose propellants were also decreased by 50 to 70% by the same heat treatment given to the single base propellants. These changes for octol and the propellants are a function of measurement temperature. Other changes in most of these material were observed and are also discussed. Probable reasons for the changes in mechanical properties are presented.

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