The Mechanism of Important Components in Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Abstract

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a potential treatment for many intestinal diseases. In dogs, FMT has been shown to have positive regulation effects in treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, acute diarrhea (AD), and acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS). FMT involves transplanting the functional components of a donor’s feces into the gastrointestinal tract of the recipient. The effective components of FMT not only include commensal bacteria, but also include viruses, fungi, bacterial metabolites, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) from the donor feces. By affecting microbiota and regulating host immunity, these components can help the recipient to restore their microbial community, improve their intestinal barrier, and induce anti-inflammation in their intestines, thereby affecting the development of diseases. In addition to the above components, mucin proteins and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) may be functional ingredients in FMT as well. In addition to the abovementioned indications, FMT is also thought to be useful in treating some other diseases in dogs. Consequently, when preparing FMT fecal material, it is important to preserve the functional components involved. Meanwhile, appropriate fecal material delivery methods should be chosen according to the mechanisms these components act by in FMT.

The human microbiome project at ten years - some critical comments and reflections on “our third genome”, the human virome

“…The second report is from a small clinical case series of 5 patients with chronic relapsing CDI who received fecal filtrate transfer (FFT), i.e., a donor stool lacking viable bacteria. Interestingly, FFT also restored normal stool habits and resolved symptoms of CDI over a minimum followup period of 6 months [18] . One should not draw far-reaching conclusions from such a small number of cases.…”

“…So far, mouse experiments showed that oral butyrate reduced inflammation and mucosal damage and that oral secondary bile acids reduced the severity of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The small case series [18] studied only viruses. The donor virome in that study (only one donor-patient stool pair could be analyzed) was dominated by a variety of Lactococcus bacteriophages and it induced, in the single analyzed recipient, a fecal virome shift towards more Lactococcus phages and a decrease of enterobacterial phages.…”

Braunes Gold – Kottransplantation als Therapieoption beim Hund

“…Doch auch die Transplantation von sterilem Kot, das heißt ohne lebende Mikroorganismen, konnte beim Menschen mit einer Clostridium-difficile -Infektion zu einer Genesung führen 6 . Dies unterstützt die Ansicht, dass auch andere Bestandteile wie bakterielle Stoffwechselprodukte, Immunglobulin A und sogar vom Spender ausgeschiedene Zellen eine wichtige Rolle spielen 7 .…”

Grape seed proanthocyanidin improves intestinal inflammation in canine through regulating gut microbiota and bile acid compositions

“…Oral microecological agents are capable of modulating the gut microbiota of dogs; however, larger randomized controlled trials are required to assess their safety due to the large variation among individual pets and the wide variety of microecological agents 10 . Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of FMT in manipulating gut microbial composition 11,12 . However, to our knowledge, no study has overcome the challenges posed by small sample sizes and nonuniformity of samples in investigating FMT in canine.…”

“…10 Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of FMT in manipulating gut microbial composition. 11,12 However, to our knowledge, no study has overcome the challenges posed by small sample sizes and nonuniformity of samples in investigating FMT in canine.…”