The metamorphosis of vascular stents: passive structures to smart devices

Abstract

The role of nanotechnology enabled techniques in the evolution of vascular stents.

Development of biodegradable zein-based bilayer coatings for drug-eluting stents

“…Despite several clinical trials have endorsed the effectiveness of DES over BMS in blocking restenosis (risk of ISR reduced down to 10%), long-term follow-up studies have documented an increased risk of late stent thrombosis due to delayed vascular healing and re-endothelialization in patients following rstgeneration DES implantation. 4,5 The permanent presence of the synthetic polymer coating oen leads to complications such as chronic inammation and adverse response at the implant site. 6 Moreover, non-permanent, synthetic polymers, i.e.…”

The Human-Specific and Smooth Muscle Cell-Enriched LncRNA SMILR Promotes Proliferation by Regulating Mitotic CENPF mRNA and Drives Cell-Cycle Progression Which Can Be Targeted to Limit Vascular Remodeling

“…1–4 Clinically, targeting vSMC proliferation is exceptionally effective at reducing adverse vascular remodeling following balloon angioplasty and vessel stenting, evidenced by extensive research and development of antiproliferative drug-eluting stent technologies. 5,6 For iatrogenic vascular injury, pathogenic SMC proliferation causes intimal hyperplasia and luminal narrowing of blood vessels in the setting of vascular stenting or vein graft failure. 2,7 In more complex settings, such as atherosclerosis, vSMC proliferation is central to the accumulation of large numbers of plaque-derived vSMC that not only contribute to the atherogenic process itself but can also confer plaque stabilization.…”

Dynamic investigation of zein-based degradable and hemocompatible coatings for drug-eluting stents: a microfluidic approach

“…Absorbance at 270 nm (zein λ max ) was determined for each sample with a Cary 6000i UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Varian, Palo Alto, USA). The amount of zein released at each time point was calculated by an appropriate calibration curve, and the results were expressed as the percent of cumulative zein degraded over time according to eqn (1).…”

“…In the past decades, drug-eluting stents (DESs) have been demonstrated to be highly effective in preventing restenosis following stenting procedures and are widely considered one of the most promising therapeutic options. 1 Since they remain in close contact with the vascular lumen and wall, DESs provide optimal delivery of the pharmacological agent(s) directly to the target region. However, an increasing body of evidence shows that anti-proliferative agents such as paclitaxel and rapamycin inhibit neointima hyperplasia but also substantially delay vascular healing and re-endothelialization.…”