The Minimum Temporal Thresholds for Motion Detection of Grating Patterns

Tayama, Tadayuki

doi:10.1068/p3078

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The duration thresholds probably reflect both neural and stimulus limitations (Borghuis, 2003). Duration thresholds have been used in previous work on surround suppression (e.g., Betts, Taylor, Sekuler, & Bennett, 2005;Tadin & Lappin, 2005b;Tadin et al, 2003), on other aspects of motion perception (Mateeff, Dimitrov, & Hohnsbein, 1995;Tayama, 2000), color perception (Pokorny, Bowen, Williams, & Smith, 1979), and symmetry perception (Tyler, 2001). In the present study, the same method also measured spatial displacement thresholds.…”

Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatial and temporal limits of motion perception across variations in speed, eccentricity, and low vision

Lappin¹,

Tadin²,

Nyquist³

et al. 2009

Journal of Vision

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We evaluated spatial displacement and temporal duration thresholds for discriminating the motion direction of gratings for a broad range of speeds (0.06 degrees/s to 30 degrees/s) in fovea and at +/-30 degrees eccentricity. In general, increased speed yielded lower duration thresholds but higher displacement thresholds. In most conditions, these effects of speed were comparable in fovea and periphery, yielding relatively similar thresholds not correlated with decreased peripheral acuity. The noteworthy exceptions were interactive effects at slow speeds: (1) Displacement thresholds for peripheral motion were affected by acuity limits for speeds below 0.5 degrees/s. (2) Low-vision observers with congenital nystagmus had elevated thresholds for peripheral motion and slow foveal motion but resembled typically sighted observers for foveal motions at speeds above 1 degree/s. (3) Suppressive center-surround interactions were absent below 0.5 degrees/s and their strength increased with speed. Overall, these results indicate qualitatively different sensitivities to slow and fast motions. Thresholds for very slow motion are limited by spatial resolution, while thresholds for fast motion are probably limited by temporal resolution.

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Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatial and temporal limits of motion perception across variations in speed, eccentricity, and low vision

Lappin¹,

Tadin²,

Nyquist³

et al. 2009

Journal of Vision

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show abstract

“…These micromovements play an important role in counteracting neural adaptation [7]. However, drifts and microsaccades also cause retinal image slips that exceed the motion detection thresholds of humans [8]. Little is known about how the brain compensates for these small image slips.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Motion Illusion Reveals Mechanisms of Perceptual Stabilization

2008

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Visual illusions are valuable tools for the scientific examination of the mechanisms underlying perception. In the peripheral drift illusion special drift patterns appear to move although they are static. During fixation small involuntary eye movements generate retinal image slips which need to be suppressed for stable perception. Here we show that the peripheral drift illusion reveals the mechanisms of perceptual stabilization associated with these micromovements. In a series of experiments we found that illusory motion was only observed in the peripheral visual field. The strength of illusory motion varied with the degree of micromovements. However, drift patterns presented in the central (but not the peripheral) visual field modulated the strength of illusory peripheral motion. Moreover, although central drift patterns were not perceived as moving, they elicited illusory motion of neutral peripheral patterns. Central drift patterns modulated illusory peripheral motion even when micromovements remained constant. Interestingly, perceptual stabilization was only affected by static drift patterns, but not by real motion signals. Our findings suggest that perceptual instabilities caused by fixational eye movements are corrected by a mechanism that relies on visual rather than extraretinal (proprioceptive or motor) signals, and that drift patterns systematically bias this compensatory mechanism. These mechanisms may be revealed by utilizing static visual patterns that give rise to the peripheral drift illusion, but remain undetected with other patterns. Accordingly, the peripheral drift illusion is of unique value for examining processes of perceptual stabilization.

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“…Assuming that the refractoriness caused by a single flash lasts approximately 140 ms [20] and that the period of 12 Hz stimulation is ∼83 ms, the time window not covered by refractoriness is always ∼26 ms, which, in the case of either of the applied stimuli, appears to be too narrow for efficient processing. The minimum temporal threshold for form perception is definitely longer [26], and even if motion is processed more rapidly, thorough and well-documented studies found that the minimum is somewhere near 35 ms [27,28]. It is well known that the minimum temporal threshold for motion perception is influenced by stimulus speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%