The moderating role of lifestyle, age, and years working in shifts in the relationship between shift work and being overweight

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the moderating role of lifestyle, age, and years working in shifts and, shift work and being overweight. Methods Cross-sectional data were used of 2569 shift and 4848 non-shift production workers who participated between 2013 and 2018 in an occupational health check. Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2) was calculated using measured weight and height; lifestyle was assessed by questionnaires. Multiple-adjusted logistic regression with interaction terms between shift work and potential moderators assessed multiplicative interaction; the relative excess risk due to interaction assessed additive interaction (synergism). Results Shift work was significantly related to being overweight (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.33 1.76). The strength of this association did not differ by level of sleep quality, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity (p ≥ 0.05). Additive and multiplicative interaction by smoking status was present (p < 0.01), with a stronger relationship between shift work and being overweight among non-smokers compared to smokers. Older age as well as more years of exposure to shift work were, independently from each other, related to a stronger relationship between shift work and being overweight (multiplicative interaction p < 0.05). Conclusion Shift work was to a similar extent related to being overweight among those with a healthy and unhealthy lifestyle. This does, however, not imply that shift workers can behave unhealthy without any harm. Based on the evident health benefits of a healthy lifestyle, it is still recommended to get sufficient quality of sleep and to meet the recommended level of daily physical activity and, fruit and vegetable intake.

Place Work on a Scale: What Do We Know About the Association Between Employment Status and Weight Loss Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery?

“…None of the studies sufficiently accounted for potential confounders including age, gender, personality disorders, pre-surgical weight and physical activity, while these factors have consistently been associated with weight loss outcomes. Besides this, information lacked about the job type including shift work and a sedentary job, though both are related to obesity [ 16 ]. Lastly, it should be mentioned that different surgical procedures were used (laparoscopic versus open; restrictive versus malabsorptive) and it was not always clear how these procedures were distributed in the study cohort [ 26 ].…”

“…Unemployed patients may experience more psychological stress and depression, potentially leading to decreased physical activity and increased caloric consumption [13][14][15]. Patients who work in shifts tend to have poorer sleep quality and poorer dietary patterns compared to non-shift workers [16]. Certain workstyle and lifestyle behavior may have predisposed the development of chronic illnesses like morbid obesity in the first place and hypothetically, it may counteract weight loss after bariatric surgery [16,17].…”

“…Patients who work in shifts tend to have poorer sleep quality and poorer dietary patterns compared to non-shift workers [ 16 ]. Certain workstyle and lifestyle behavior may have predisposed the development of chronic illnesses like morbid obesity in the first place and hypothetically, it may counteract weight loss after bariatric surgery [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Association of Shift Work with Normal-Weight Obesity in Community-Dwelling Adults

“…Data on working hours were obtained using a self-reported questionnaire. Working hours were categorized by tertiles (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55), and ≥56 hours/week).…”

Paediatric nurses' burnout and perceived health: The moderating effect of the common work‐shift

“…Based on previous studies (Haun & Baethge, 2020; Hulsegge et al., 2020; Khatatbeh et al., 2022; Khatatbeh, Pakai, et al., 2021; Khatatbeh, Pakai, Pusztai, et al., 2020; Khatatbeh, Pakai, Zrínyi, et al., 2020; Khatatbeh, Alhalaiqa, et al., 2021; Khatatbeh, Al‐Maqableh, et al., 2021; Khatatbeh, Khasawneh, et al., 2021; Nabe‐Nielsen et al., 2011), we hypothesized that paediatric nurses' burnout and their perceived health are correlated and that the common work‐shift moderates this relationship (See Figure 1). Up to our knowledge, this study is the first of its type to study the moderating effect of work‐shift in the relationship between nurses' burnout and their perceived health.…”