The morphological diversity of long-necked lacewing larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontiformia)

Haug, Gideon T.; Baranov, Viktor; Wizen, Gil; Pazinato, Paula G.; Müller, Patrick; Haug, Carolin; Haug, Joachim T.

doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1807

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As in many earlier analyses [78,79,[81][82][83] (but not all, see [75]), the sub-sample size for the extant fauna is the largest. The sub-sample size of the Cretaceous larvae is the largest of the fossil faunas.…”

Section: Sub-sample Sizesmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The impression of a more diverse lacewing fauna in the past is provided by numerous fossils, especially from the Mesozoic (e.g., [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]), but also from the Cenozoic era (e.g., [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]). These fossils include numerous different types of lacewing larvae (e.g., [ 26 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]), among them being also larvae that have been interpreted as representatives of the combined group including Myrmeleontidae and Ascalaphidae [ 47 , 50 , 52 , 57 , 62 , 86...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For other ingroups of Neuroptera, quantitative morphological comparison has identified losses of larval diversity over the last 100 million years [ 75 , 82 ], supporting a general loss of diversity within these groups. Yet, some of such studies have remained inconclusive as to whether there was a loss of diversity or a shift (for example into other habitats), which would have partly balanced a certain loss in one lineage by a diversification in another one [ 78 , 79 , 81 ]. In few instances, even a slight increase of morphological larval diversity could be observed [ 81 , 83 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

Haug

Zuluaga

Zippel

et al. 2022

Insects

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Among lacewings (Neuroptera), representatives of the groups Ascalaphidae (owlflies) and Myrmeleontidae (antlions) are likely the most widely known ones. The exact taxonomic status of the two groups remains currently unclear, each may in fact be nested in the other group. Herein, we refer to the group including representatives of both with the neutral term “owllion”. Owllion larvae are voracious ambush hunters. They are not only known in the extant fauna, but also from the fossil record. We report here new findings of a fossil owlfly larva from Eocene Baltic amber, as well as several owlfly-like larvae from Cretaceous Kachin amber, Myanmar. Based on these fossils, combined with numerous fossil and extant specimens from the literature, collections, and databases, we compared the morphological diversity of the head and mouthpart shapes of the larvae of owllions in the extant fauna with that of owllion-like larvae from three time slices: about 100 million years ago (Cretaceous), about 40 million years ago (Eocene), and about 20 million years ago (Miocene). The comparison reveals that the samples from the Eocene and Miocene are too small for a reliable evaluation. Yet, the Cretaceous larvae allow for some conclusions: (1) the larval morphological diversity of owllion larvae increased over time, indicating a post-Cretaceous diversification; (2) certain morphologies disappeared after the Cretaceous, most likely representing ecological roles that are no longer present nowadays. In comparison, other closely related lineages, e.g., silky lacewings or split-footed lacewings, underwent more drastic losses after the Cretaceous and no subsequent diversifications.

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Section: Sub-sample Sizesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

Haug

Zuluaga

Zippel

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…Extant Myrmeleontidae and Ascalaphidae usually have three teeth, Nymphidae have one, and Psychopsidae and Nemopteridae lack teeth (but a few nemopterid larvae have tooth-like protuberances, e.g. Monserrat, 1996Monserrat, , 2008; see also discussion and summary in Haug et al 2019aHaug et al , 2021b. The character Haug et al (2021e).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High morphological disparity of neuropteran larvae during the Cretaceous revealed by a new large species

2022

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The Mesozoic is considered as the ‘golden age’ for the diversification of Neuroptera (lacewings), and many unusual lacewing larvae have been discovered in Cretaceous amber. However, little is known about their early evolution because of the rarity of fossils. Herein, we describe a new genus and species, Kuafupolydentes hui gen. et sp. nov., one of the biggest lacewing larvae from the Cretaceous known so far, based on a well-preserved specimen from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber (99 Ma). The new larva is characterized by its large size, each stylet with eight short and blunt teeth, robust and long antennae, and long and robust legs with continuous tarsus and tibia and enlarged claws. It can be considered as an early representative of the antlion clade, Myrmeleontiformia. We suggest that the new larva is also an ambush predator like extant antlions, but it might have used a different strategy to kill large prey. Some of the morphological characters of K. hui are unknown in any extant lacewings and suggest a greater morphological disparity of Neuroptera during the Cretaceous.

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“…If taxonomic or phylogenetic interpretations of fossil specimens are challenging, these are often difficult to be included into measures of diversity over time. Morphological aspects of such animals offer an alternative objective measure of diversity, independent from a taxonomic frame (see Haug et al 2020bHaug et al , 2021aHaug et al , 2021bHaug et al , 2021cHaug et al , 2021d.…”

Section: Expanding the Diversity Of Cretaceous Caterpillarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lepidopteran caterpillars in the Cretaceous: were they a good food source for early birds?

Gauweiler¹,

Haug²,

Müller³

et al. 2022

Palaeodiversity

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The morphological diversity of long-necked lacewing larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontiformia)

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

High morphological disparity of neuropteran larvae during the Cretaceous revealed by a new large species

Lepidopteran caterpillars in the Cretaceous: were they a good food source for early birds?

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