The Morphology of the Gastrointestinal Tract of <i>Pygathrix nemaeus</i> (Linneaus, 1771)

Caton, Judith

doi:10.1142/9789812817020_0007

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Thus, collectively the data suggest that feeding on a leaf-or fruit-based diet represents an ecological tradeoff among sympatrically living colobines generally. The digestion of a predominantly leafbased (high-fiber) diet may be supported by the presence of a presaccus, which is thought to function as a preliminary storage area, ensuring that there is plenty of substrate continuously available for fermentation (Caton 1998;Kuhn 1964). This specific anatomical characteristic can be found in Simias concolor but not in Presbytis potenziani, which accordingly prefers a fruit-dominated diet, as predicted by our hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Second, important differences in the digestive systems between the 2 species exist. As do other members of the genus, Presbytis potenziani has a 3-chamber sacculated stomach (Bennett and Davies 1994), whereas the similarly locular stomach of Simias concolor possesses a presaccus as an additional compartment, thought to be a preliminary storage area that helps to ensure that there is always sufficient substrate available for fermentation (Caton 1998;Kuhn 1964). Thus, we expect a difference in diet composition to exist, whereby Presbytis potenziani feeds predominantly on low-fiber food, e.g., fruits, whereas high-fiber leaves form the major part of the diet of Simias concolor.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

et al. 2011

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According to ecological theory, the concept of niche differentiation is essential to our understanding of how sympatric species can limit competition over resources. We here examine ecological niche differentiation in 2 sympatric Asian langurs, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, both endemic to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra. We collected data (home range size, canopy use, activity budgets, diet, and niche breadth and overlap) using GPS and scan/focal animal sampling methods on 2 groups of Presbytis potenziani and 3 groups of Simias concolor living in a mixed primary rain forest in northern Siberut. Results show that home ranges of the 2 species overlapped completely and that the home range size of Presbytis potenziani was ca. 4 times larger than that of Simias concolor. Lower canopy levels (<20 m) were used more often by Simias concolor, whereas Presbytis potenziani preferred the canopy >20 m. Apart from foraging and other activities, there was little difference in overall activity budgets of the 2 species. Regarding diet, although 60% of all food species examined were used by both langur species, they shared only 3 of the 10 most commonly eaten species. Presbytis potenziani fed more selectively on fruits, whereas Simias concolor fed predominantly on leaves. Levin's Int niche breadth indices revealed that the diet of Simias concolor is more general (0.34) than that of Presbytis potenziani (0.22). Based on a Pianka index of 0.32, we conclude that there is a relatively small food niche overlap between the 2 colobine species and that diet represents an important mechanism enabling their coexistence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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confidence: 99%

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

et al. 2011

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“…Both cercopithe- coid subfamilies have relatively longer digestive retention times than the much larger African apes (Lambert 2002a(Lambert , 2007aRemis and Dierenfeld 2004). Again, this is not a surprising finding among the Colobinae; however, cercopithecines are not derived in their gastrointestinal anatomy (Caton 1998). Indeed, most recent literature suggests a poor correlation between animal body mass and digestive retention time, a pattern first noted in primates (Lambert 1998) and, more recently, in mammals more generally (Clauss et al 2007) and even sauropod dinosaurs (Steuer 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In Vitro Fermentation of Dietary Carbohydrates Consumed by African Apes and Monkeys: Preliminary Results for Interpreting Microbial and Digestive Strategy

Lambert

Fellner

2011

Int J Primatol

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Primates derive significant nutritional benefits from hosting symbiotic, fermenting microbes in their gut, including the provision of energy from short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We measured fermentation parameters in fecal samples of 4 hindgut fermenting species (Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, Papio hamadryas, Cercopithecus neglectus) and 1 foregut fermenting species (Colobus guereza) to determine whether differences in SCFA profiles exist between the 2 digestive systems. We analyzed SCFA profiles, culture pH, and methane from fecal samples collected at the North Carolina Zoological Park. Results indicate that the captive individuals exhibit high total SCFA concentrations, with a particularly high acetateto-propionate ratio. Methane levels were highest in the 2 ape species, and lowest in Colobus guereza and Cercopithecus neglectus. Total SCFA concentrations were similar between wild and captive-born Gorilla gorilla, although concentrations of acetate were significantly greater -and butyrate concentration and methane production significantly lower-in wild-caught gorillas relative to captive-born. These results are consistent with data on diet and digestive retention times among Catarrhini and have implications for our understanding of the interactions among diet, body mass, digestion, and how monogastric cercopithecines can consume either similar or greater levels of fiber than larger-bodied apes.

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“…This difference may instead have a basis in digestive physiology. Red colobus have an extra chamber in their stomach, called a presaccus, which may function for storage and preliminary digestion of food for more efficient processing (Chivers 1994;Stevens and Hume 1995;Caton 1998;National Research Council 2003;Wright et al 2008). Guerezas lack this chamber and frequently rest for extensive periods of time in a patch between feeding bouts and before moving to another patch to feed, a behavior that is much less common among red colobus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch depletion behavior differs between sympatric folivorous primates

et al. 2011

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Food competition in group-living animals is commonly accepted as a critical determinant of foraging strategies and social organization. Here we examine food patch depletion behavior in a leaf-eating (folivorous) primate, the guereza (Colobus guereza). Snaith and Chapman (2005) studied the sympatric folivorous red colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus), which shares many food resources with the guereza. They determined that red colobus deplete the patches (feeding trees) they use, while we found contrary evidence for guerezas using the same methods. We found that the time guerezas spent feeding in a patch was affected by neither tree size, an indicator of food abundance, nor the size of the feeding group, an indicator of feeding competition. For their principal food item (young leaves), intake rate remained constant and coincided with a decrease in the distance moved to find food within a patch, implying that guerezas do not deplete patches. This points to a fundamental difference in the use of food by guerezas and red colobus, which may be linked to the large difference in their group sizes and/or to a disparity in their digestive physiologies. However, further analyses revealed that the number of feeders within a patch did not affect patch depletion patterns in either species, leaving the potential for a physiological basis as the most plausible explanation. Our research highlights the need for a more critical examination of folivorous primate feeding ecology and social behavior, as all folivorous primates are typically lumped into a single category in socioecological models, which may account for conflicting evidence in the literature.

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The Morphology of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Pygathrix nemaeus (Linneaus, 1771)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

In Vitro Fermentation of Dietary Carbohydrates Consumed by African Apes and Monkeys: Preliminary Results for Interpreting Microbial and Digestive Strategy

Patch depletion behavior differs between sympatric folivorous primates

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