The Myth of the Nazi Steroid

Reinold, Marcel; Hoberman, John

doi:10.1080/09523367.2014.884563

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Despite rumours that anabolic steroids were exploited by Nazi Germany, there is no documentary evidence to support this 95. The effectiveness of synthetic anabolic steroids was systematically investigated, however, in the state-sponsored doping programme of elite athletes in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) 96.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and regulation of body composition in elite athletes

Sönksen

2016

Br J Sports Med

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In 2011, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and IOC introduced a 'hyperandrogenism' rule that excluded women with a serum testosterone >10 nmol/L from participating in elite sport. This rule was based on the false premise that the greater lean body mass in men was a consequence of their higher serum testosterone. This rule did not have scientific backing and the Court of Arbitration for Sport subsequently rescinded the rule following an appeal from an Indian athlete barred from the Commonwealth Games. This review covers the scientific knowledge about the development and regulation of body composition in humans but also considers the lessons learnt from evolution and breeding in animals. The importance of heredity has been documented in family and twin studies. The roles of growth hormone and sex steroids are reviewed. The Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is considered as a model of the role of testosterone in development of body composition and also as evidence of the importance of other factors carried on the Y-chromosome that are of prime importance but have been systematically ignored. Finally the key factors determining body composition are considered and placed in a suggested order of importance.

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Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and regulation of body composition in elite athletes

Sönksen

2016

Br J Sports Med

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“…Synthetic forms of testosterone, now referred to as AAS, were later derived (Kopera, 1985) and allegedly tested on German soldiers to boost their aggressiveness in battle (Wade, 1972). This allegation has however been disputed in a recent analysis (Reinold & Hoberman, 2014). It is also alleged that German athletes were administered testosterone for enhanced physical strength and performance during the 1936 Berlin Olympics (Francis, 1990).…”

Section: History Of Aasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards use of anabolic–androgenic steroids among Ghanaian high school students

Sagoe

Torsheim

Molde

et al. 2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…Such a state turns scholarship into a house of cards, as the unravelling of one false premise risk bringing down a cascade of others with it -both for the natural sciences and the humanities. It can also make correcting false assumptions difficult as accepted though disproven claims seem to spring up like weeds in the garden of academic literature -the myths on Nazisteroids, Mirkin's claim about athletes' willingness to risk their lives for a medal, and EPO causing the death of 20 Dutch and Belgian cyclists are prime examples hereof (for refutations of these myths see Christiansen & Møller, 2007;López, 2011;Reinhold & Hoberman, 2014).…”

Section: Scientism and The Culture Of Sciencementioning

confidence: 96%

“…2 Although widespread in the literature the story is myth. It has been shown with reliable evidence that German troops never used anabolic steroids (Reinhold & Hoberman, 2014). But, again, the reproduction of such myths can be used to influence policy.…”

Section: Scientism and The Culture Of Sciencementioning

confidence: 97%

What do the humanities (really) know about doping? Questions, answers and cross-disciplinary strategies

Christiansen

Gleaves

2013

Performance Enhancement & Health

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a b s t r a c tRecent years have brought debates about the future role of humanities research in light of sciences' progress. In doping research, tacit biases in favour of science risk ignoring the humanities in their efforts to understand and address the doping phenomenon. This article is a continuation of the discussion on the role of the humanities and social sciences in research on drug use in sport. The article asserts that until those who wish to address the doping issues in sport begin engaging humanities and social science research alongside the natural sciences, the results from scientific experiments will remain detached from the lived experiences of the athletes, and the anti-doping campaign risks losing its legitimacy. Conversely, we will also argue against two types of drawbacks for humanistic research; one is the dismissal of the pursuit of truth in exchange of epistemological relativism. The other is the tendency to turn inward and become reluctant to use empirical tools that provide purchase on the doping issue. The article will conclude by sketching a positive account of the two fields collaborating with more porous borders but one that asks neither side to compromise its professional standards or modes of inquiry. This new account asserts that future doping research requires cross-disciplinary and collaborative research rooted in strong methodologies but conversant in both languages.

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The Myth of the Nazi Steroid

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Determination and regulation of body composition in elite athletes

Determination and regulation of body composition in elite athletes

Attitudes towards use of anabolic–androgenic steroids among Ghanaian high school students

What do the humanities (really) know about doping? Questions, answers and cross-disciplinary strategies

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