The nature of the exchange forces.

Abstract

The exchange forces appear to be of the nature of space-time quantized gravity/ gravitation, which may be called gravity particles. The so-called dark matter may exist in the form of these gravity particles. It also appears that the universe has a finite size, although it has no boundary.Résumé: Les forces d'échange paraissent être de la nature de la gravitation spatiotemporelle quantifiée qui pourrait être appelée particules de la gravité. La soi-disant matière sombre pourrait exister dans la forme de ces particules de gravité. Il paraît aussi que l'univers a une dimension limitée, bien qu'il n'ait aucune frontière.

Formation of Elements and Compounds in Space in Early Universe

“…In a nutshell, the space-time quantized photons move in the virtual state in spacetime with the speed of light at the end of the period of contraction (or just at the beginning of the period of expansion). Since photons carry quantized gravity/ gravitation, they may be comparable to the gravity particles (Bhuiyan, 2010). Thus, the Big Bang singularity is now replaced by the embryo universe of space-time quantized photons, governed by quantum mechanics and uncertainty principle, which existed in reversible equilibrium with electron -positron pairs.…”

“…In a previous paper (Bhuiyan, 2010), it was deduced by using quantum mechanics and uncertainty principle that the universe performs simple harmonic motion between expansion and contraction and that at the end of the period of contraction : (a) the universe assumes the smallest possible finite size with no boundary, (b) all the objects are transformed into quantized gravity / gravitational force of attraction called gravity particles which move with speed comparable to the speed of light, (c) the density and temperature of the gravity particles become extremely high, and (d) the gravitational force of attraction between the gravity particles becomes extremely strong. As the universe is of finite size and has no boundary, there does not exist any point of Big Bang singularity; that is, the Big Bang is now cut out of the theory of universe.…”