The neuromuscular, endocrine and mood responses to a single versus double training session day in soccer players

Sparkes, William; Turner, Anthony P.; Cook, Christian J.; Weston, Matthew; Russell, Mark; Johnston, Michael; Kilduff, Liam P.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.291

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The age range within the included studies was 18-42 years. Eight studies examined AE effects on measures of muscle strength [25,34,35,[53][54][55][56][57], and another nine studies reported AE effects on proxies of muscle power [23,24,27,54,55,[58][59][60][61]. Running-based AE was examined in seven studies [23,24,27,34,54,58,59] while cycling exercises were applied in five studies [25,35,53,56,57].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, two studies applied low-intensity AE [25,35] while 11 studies used moderate-to-high intensity AE protocols [23,24,27,34,53,54,56,57,59,62,63]. However, three studies [55,60,61] did not report any information on exercise intensity.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of AE duration, four studies used protocols lasting ≤ 30 min [25,34,56,57] and 11 studies applied protocols > 30 min [23,24,27,35,[53][54][55][58][59][60][61]. Originally 16 studies matched the inclusion criteria.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Muscle Strength and Power in Trained Male Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Concurrent training can be an effective and time-efficient method to improve both muscle strength and aerobic capacity. A major challenge with concurrent training is how to adequately combine and sequence strength exercise and aerobic exercise to avoid interference effects. This is particularly relevant for athletes. Objective We aimed to examine the acute effects of aerobic exercise on subsequent measures of muscle strength and power in trained male individuals. Design We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis. Data Sources Systematic literature searches in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted up to July 2021. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies Studies were included that applied a within-group repeated-measures design and examined the acute effects of aerobic exercise (i.e., running, cycling exercise) on subsequent measures of lower limb muscle strength (e.g., maximal isometric force of the knee extensors) and/or proxies of lower limb muscle power (e.g., countermovement jump height) in trained individuals. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Aerobic exercise resulted in moderate declines in muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.79; p = 0.003). Low-intensity aerobic exercise did not moderate effects on muscle strength (SMD = 0.65; p = 0.157) while moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise resulted in moderate declines in muscle strength (SMD = 0.65; p = 0.020). However, the difference between subgroups was not statistically significant (p = 0.979). Regarding aerobic exercise duration, large declines in muscle strength were found after > 30 min (SMD = 1.02; p = 0.049) while ≤ 30 min of aerobic exercise induced moderate declines in muscle strength (SMD = 0.59; p = 0.013). The subgroup difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.204). Cycling exercise resulted in significantly larger decrements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.79; p = 0.002) compared with running (SMD = 0.28; p = 0.035). The difference between subgroups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). For muscle power, aerobic exercise did not result in any statistically significant changes (SMD = 0.04; p = 0.846). Conclusions Aerobic exercise induced moderate declines in measures of muscle strength with no statistically significant effects on proxies of muscle power in trained male individuals. It appears that higher compared with lower intensity as well as longer compared with shorter aerobic exercise duration exacerbate acute declines in muscle strength. Our results provide evidence for acute interference effects when aerobic exercies is performed before strength exercises. These findings may help practitioners to better prescribe single training sessions, particularly if environmental and/or infrastructural reasons (e.g., availability of training facilities) do not allow the application of strength training before aerobic exercise.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Muscle Strength and Power in Trained Male Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…6 Therefore it seems that after 2-hours of passive recovery, the physical performance of a second intense neuromuscular training session may not be impaired. However, Sparkes et al, 7 also found that performance of a double training day (SSG's followed by resistance training 2-hours later) resulted in small impairments of neuromuscular performance, mood score, and endocrine markers in comparison to a single training session day at +24hours. Whilst this is important for our understanding of the weekly planning of training, it is currently unclear whether changing the training session order would have any influence on performance of the second session of the day or the fatigue response over a 24-hour period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of training order on neuromuscular, endocrine and mood response to small-sided games and resistance training sessions over a 24-h period

Sparkes

Turner

Weston

et al. 2020

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Objectives: This study examined the acute effect of small-sided-game (SSG) and resistance training sequence on neuromuscular, endocrine and mood response over a 24-hour (h) period.Design: Repeated measures Methods: Fourteen semi-professional soccer players performed SSG-training (4vs4 + goalkeepers; 6x7min, 2-min inter-set recovery) followed by resistance training 2h later (back-squat, Romanian deadlift, barbell-hip-thrust; 4x4 repetitions, 4-min inter-set recovery; 85% 1 rep-max) (SSG+RES), and on a separate week reversed the session order (RES+SSG). Physical demands of SSG's were monitored using global positioning systems (GPS) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Countermovementjump (CMJ; peak power output; jump height) and brief assessment of mood were collected before (pre), during (0h) and after (+24h) both protocols. Salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations were obtained at the same time-points but with the inclusion of a measure immediately prior to the second training session (+2h).Results: GPS outputs and RPE were similar between SSG-training during both protocols. Betweenprotocol comparisons revealed no significant differences at +24h in CMJ performance, mood, and endocrine markers. Testosterone was higher at 0h during RES+SSG in comparison to SSG+RES (moderate-effect; +21.4±26.7 pg•ml -1 ; p= 0.010), yet was similar between protocols by +2h.Conclusions: The order of SSG and resistance training does not appear to influence the physical demands of SSG's with sufficient recovery between two sessions performed on the same day. Session order did not influence neuromuscular, endocrine or mood responses at +24h, however a favourable testosterone response from the resistance first session may enhance neuromuscular performance in the second session of the day.

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“…Moreover, the delivery of concurrent (field and gym) sessions is common, 10 which may further exacerbate the recovery time course. 13 This residual fatigue and/or muscle damage may worsen perceptions of wellness and muscle soreness, reduce external load output, and impair the athlete's capacity to perform high-intensity movements in subsequent training sessions and matches. 13,14 However, technical performance is considered more relevant for successful match outcomes, 15 with residual fatigue having the potential to negatively impact technical skills.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Microcycle Structures on Physical and Technical Outcomes During Professional Rugby League Training and Matches

Eggers¹,

Cross²,

Norris³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To assess the impact of microcycle (MC) structures on physical and technical performances in rugby league training and matches. Methods: Thirty-four professional rugby league players were monitored during all training sessions and matches across a single season wherein 2 different competition-phase MC structures were implemented. The first MC structure involved the first session on match day (MD) + 2 and the main stimulus delivered MD − 3, and the second structure delayed all sessions by 1 day (first session on MD + 3 and main session MD − 2; MC structure in the second half of the season). Physical output was quantified via relative total speed (in meters per minute), high-speed running (per minute; ≥4.0 m·s−1), and very-high-speed running (per minute; ≥5.5 m·s−1), measured using a global positioning system (10 Hz) in addition to accelerometer (100 Hz) metrics (PlayerLoad per minute and PlayerLoadslow per minute]) during training and matches. Technical performance (number of runs, meters gained, tackles made and missed) was recorded during matches. Generalized linear mixed models and equivalence tests were used to identify the impact of MC structure on physical and technical output. Results: Nonequivalent increases in meters per minute, high-speed running per minute, and PlayerLoad per minute were observed for the first training stimulus in MC structure in the second half of the season with no practical difference in midcycle sessions observed. The MC structure in the second half of the season structure resulted in increased high-speed running per minute and decreased PlayerLoadslow per minute during MD with no differences observed in technical performance. Conclusions: Delaying the first training stimulus of the MC allowed for greater training load accumulation without negative consequences in selected match running and technical performance measures. This increased MC load may support the maintenance of physical capacities across the in-season.

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The neuromuscular, endocrine and mood responses to a single versus double training session day in soccer players

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Muscle Strength and Power in Trained Male Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Muscle Strength and Power in Trained Male Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

The effect of training order on neuromuscular, endocrine and mood response to small-sided games and resistance training sessions over a 24-h period

Impact of Microcycle Structures on Physical and Technical Outcomes During Professional Rugby League Training and Matches

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