The New Military Autonomy in Latin America

Cruz, Consuelo; Diamint, Rut

doi:10.1353/jod.1998.0057

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…By the end of the decade, scholars were asserting that contemporary forms of military entrepreneurship were unequivocally detrimental to the establishment of democratic civilian control of the military (Cruz and Diamint 1998). In recent years, other policy-oriented accounts have developed a similar critique-that entrepreneurship is one of the ways through which militaries have reinvented themselves as significant players in a new political-economic security environment, and that the lack of civilian interest in defense issues leaves many of today's militaries in the position of being well resourced but poorly guided by political and civil society (Centeno 2007;Donadio 2007).…”

Section: Surveying the Scholarshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Entrepreneurs: Patterns in Latin America

Mani¹

2011

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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Despite the recent shift to democratic regimes and market‐based economies, in many Latin American countries the military retains important economic roles as owner, manager, and stakeholder in economic enterprises. Such military entrepreneurship poses a challenge to the development of democratic civil‐military relations and, by extension, to the development of liberal democracy in the region. While scholars have noted this situation with concern, they have given little attention to distinguishing the different types of military entrepreneurship, which reflect distinct historical patterns and implications. This article identifies two major types of military entrepreneurs in Latin America: industrializers, determined to build national defense capabilities and compete for international prestige; and nation builders, seeking to promote economic development that can foster social development and cohesion. Case studies of Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, and Ecuador demonstrate important differences between these two types in their origins, paths, and political consequences.

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Section: Surveying the Scholarshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Entrepreneurs: Patterns in Latin America

Mani¹

2011

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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“…14-15;Cruz and Diamint 1998). Particularly germane to the present analysis, Cruz and Diamint (1998, see especially 118-119) argue that state downsizing has driven budget-hungry militaries to market their security services to private companies.…”

Section: A Local Political Economy Approach To Third-party Financingmentioning

confidence: 84%

Private Financing of the Military: A Local Political Economy Approach

Jaskoski

2012

St Comp Int Dev

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In developing countries that are democratizing after military rule, and undergoing liberalizing economic reforms that encourage a shrinking of the state, what missions are the armed forces performing, who funds those missions, who benefits from military services, and why? This article analyzes security provision by the armed forces for paying clients-especially private companies in extractive industries-in accordance with negotiations between clients and commanders of the local military units that directly provide the security. The analysis identifies two paths toward local military-client relations. First, weak state capacity may mean that government control of military finances brought by democratization and economic reform remains limited to the national level, promoting local military-client exchanges. Second, amid minimal government control of military finances, even in the capital city, demand from companies in the powerful extractive industries and from recently endowed subnational governments can encourage local military-client contracting.

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“…(Huntington 1957, 67) In contemporary Latin America, budget-maximizing officers would face special challenges. With their budgets in flux in the aftermath of transitions to democracy, the end of the Cold War, and state downsizing that has accompanied economic liberalization (e.g., Hunter 1996;Norden 1996;Rial 1996;Loveman 1999, 258-60;Marcella 1994, 14-15;Cruz and Diamint 1998), "Latin American militaries are asked to justify their demands (a roundabout way of asking them to justify their very existence) in the face of more pressing needs in the health, education, housing, and social security sectors" (Perelli and Rial 1996, 77;similarly, Hunter 1996similarly, Hunter , 1997Rial 1996). Hunter (1997) finds the military budget to be a topic so sensitive in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru that she uses defense budget cuts as an indicator of civilian control of the armed forces.…”

Section: Expected Military Priorities: Resources and Professionalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecuadorian Army: Neglecting a Porous Border While Policing the Interior

Jaskoski

2012

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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AbstractThis article challenges two prominent explanations for military behavior: militaries, like other bureaucracies, will seek to maximize their budgets; and in the interest of maintaining professionalism, militaries will perform sovereignty missions—external defense and counterinsurgency—more intensively than policing functions. Running counter to these expectations, since 2000, Ecuador’s army has neglected its professional, lucrative mission of northern border defense, instead focusing on police work. The analysis applies organization theory to argue that the army’s minimal border defense efforts have been a way to maintain predictability for patrols on the ground, the part of the army that most directly performs the army’s core function of security. Specifically, the article traces how a contradiction has emerged in the army’s border mission. The contradiction has meant anything but predictability for the work of troops patrolling the border, compromising the mission.

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The New Military Autonomy in Latin America

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Military Entrepreneurs: Patterns in Latin America

Military Entrepreneurs: Patterns in Latin America

Private Financing of the Military: A Local Political Economy Approach

The Ecuadorian Army: Neglecting a Porous Border While Policing the Interior

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