The noise performance of electron multiplying charge-coupled devices

Robbins, Mark S.; Hadwen, B.

doi:10.1109/ted.2003.813462

Cited by 289 publications

(186 citation statements)

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“…We will only consider a Poisson distributed photon background, which means that b can also be interpreted as the background standard deviation. The factor F is equal to 1 in case of a CCD or CMOS detector, while it is equal to 2 for an electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera [24][25][26].…”

Section: Localization Precision Of Diffusing Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of movement on the localization precision of sub‐resolution particles in fluorescence microscopy

Deschout

Neyts

Braeckmans

2011

Journal of Biophotonics

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Obtaining sub‐resolution particle positions in fluorescence microscopy images is essential for single particle tracking and high‐resolution localization microscopy. While the localization precision of stationary single molecules or particles is well understood, the influence of particle motion during image acquisition has been largely neglected. Here, we address this issue and provide a theoretical description on how particle motion influences the centroid localization precision, both in case of 2‐D and 3‐D diffusion. In addition, a novel method is proposed, based on dual‐channel imaging, for the experimental determination of the localization precision of moving particles. For typical single particle tracking experiments, we show that the localization precision is approximately two‐fold worse than expected from the stationary theory. Strikingly, we find that the most popular localization method, based on the fitting of a Gaussian distribution, breaks down for lateral diffusion. Instead, the centroid localization method is found to perform well under all conditions. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Section: Localization Precision Of Diffusing Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of movement on the localization precision of sub‐resolution particles in fluorescence microscopy

Deschout

Neyts

Braeckmans

2011

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…With a read noise below 0.3 e − rms , it becomes possible to count the photoelectrons with an accuracy of 90 %. The only commercial solid state semiconductor devices reaching this limit are electron multiplication CCDs (EMCCDs) [12], avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and single photon avalanche photo diodes (SPADs) [13]. All these devices introduce amplification at the early stage of the photoelectron generation by applying an electric field high enough to accelerate the photoelectron in order to multiply by impact ionisation or trigger an avalanche effect.…”

Section: Why Ultra Low Noise Cmos Image Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra Low Noise CMOS Image Sensors

Boukhayma

2018

Springer Theses

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“…This model of the system provides an enhanced level of accuracy at the output with less amount of unwanted noise signal. The most effected parameter of this system is the channel resistance which in turn detoriates the overall performance of the system [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Design and Implementation Of The Soc Based Smart Cmos Pixmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Design Approach of SoC Based Smart CMOS Sensor for Mixed Signal Processing based Applications

Tiwari¹

2017

IJET

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Abstract-The CMOS based sensor design technology has evolved with tremendous applications in MSP domain with enhanced characteristic of maximized S/N ratio. This feature has been obtained with the utilization of pixel-based amplification in addition to minimizing the presence of the noise at the output of the device. It means that the noise present in the various active device of the system has been suppressed with the help of SoC based design technique i.e. three level pixel implementation. This system basically supports all the SoC components such as feedback amplifier, buffers, tapered reset device, etc. The CMOS based smart system has both software as well as hardware modules which in turn behave as a complete system on chip (SoC) and has got tremendous use in mixed signal based applications. The main application fo this system is in the computational analysis of the various images captured from the real world. The author present a novel approach of implementing a smart system based on SoC design approach with required performance in the domain of mixed signal processing. The simulation of the system has been carried out on LabVIEW with optimum results desired. Some the result has been carried with mathematical modeling based approach using MatLAB software. The minimum S/N ratio of the system is 55 dB with 1920 X 1080 frame readout at 550 Hz. Keywords: CMOS sensor, HDTV, FPA, CCD, APS, SoC, LabVIEW, MatLAB, PID algorithm, MSP, CCD.I. INTRODUCTION The advent of the sensor dependent image processing technology has come into existence late back to 1970's with the use of MOS devices. The functioning of this system primarily depends on the utilization of array of image sensors which in turns rely on the proper functioning of the array of CCD technology so as to provide better and enhanced quality imaging arrays. With further advancement in this technology i.e. with the availability of CMOS based smart sensors, the analysis of the image becomes quite simple, cost effective, enhanced accuracy of the results. In this system, CMOS readouts with millions pixel capacity are used in addition to the detector arrays with the help of flip chip fabrication technology i.e. the most important feature of a SoC design based system. The above fig 1 shows the schematic arrangement i.e. crossectional view of the CMOS sensing system.The system on chip design based systems are normally follows the Moore's Law which utilized CMOS technology so as to produce higher performance sensors in various range of visibility. Due to this reason, CMOS technology without any doubt has now emerged the most common approach for the design of both infrared and visible range sensors that in turn finds enormous applications in the domain of MSP. Based on this features, it has been found that most of the mixed signal processing based industrial applications are still dependent on CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) technology as compared to CCD approach [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].

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The noise performance of electron multiplying charge-coupled devices

Cited by 289 publications

References 10 publications

The influence of movement on the localization precision of sub‐resolution particles in fluorescence microscopy

The influence of movement on the localization precision of sub‐resolution particles in fluorescence microscopy

Ultra Low Noise CMOS Image Sensors

An Innovative Design Approach of SoC Based Smart CMOS Sensor for Mixed Signal Processing based Applications

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