The non-invasive inspection of baggage using coherent X-ray scattering

Jupp, Ian; Durrant, P.T.; Ramsden, D.; Carter, T.; Dermody, G.; Pleasants, I.B.; Burrows, D. N.

doi:10.1109/23.903834

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…XRD is widely used in the noninvasive inspection of baggage, and its diffraction spectrum is carried out according to the diffraction angle h. [5,6] Compared with the conventional XRD, EDXRS chooses the polychromatic x-ray as the light source. The EDXRS technique uses much higher x-ray energies than conventional XRD and is a transmission rather than a reflection method.…”

Section: Methods and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Singular Value Decomposition for Identification of Liquid Precursor Chemicals Using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Scattering

Zhong

et al. 2011

Instrumentation Science & Technology

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& A new method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) was developed to identify liquid precursor chemicals in this paper. Feature scattering spectra of several kinds of pure liquid precursor chemicals were described through energy-dispersive x-ray scattering (EDXRS). These spectra, each of which was unique to particular liquid, were organized as matrices for SVD after truncation and smoothing. It was demonstrated that the two largest singular values and their corresponding left and right singular vectors of each matrix could reconstruct the matrix in the permissible error and contained enough information of the matrix. We extracted the two largest singular values of each matrix as the characteristic of the relative spectrum, and successfully identified several pure liquid precursor chemical samples. It can be hopefully expected that this method is effective for inspection of high concentration and multitudinous liquid precursor chemicals.

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Section: Methods and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Singular Value Decomposition for Identification of Liquid Precursor Chemicals Using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Scattering

Zhong

et al. 2011

Instrumentation Science & Technology

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“…For example, the inspection time may be related to a variable that represents the resolution or other settings of the sensor. Jupp et al [30] report that high statistical profiles are obtained by collecting data for 180 s at each position, i.e., time required to integrate energy and generate profiles for detecting explosives is indirectly related to the threshold level. Therefore, we assume the time t i spent at a station could be related to the threshold level Ti at that station.…”

Section: B Time For Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiobjective Optimization of a Port-of-Entry Inspection Policy

Young

Zhu

et al. 2010

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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At the port-of-entry containers are inspected through a specific sequence of sensor stations to detect the presence of nuclear materials, biological and chemical agents, and other illegal cargo. The inspection policy, which includes the sequence in which sensors are applied and the threshold levels used at the inspection stations, affects the probability of misclassifying a container as well as the cost and time spent in inspection. In this paper we consider a system operating with a Boolean decision function combining station results and present a multi-objective optimization approach to determine the optimal sensor arrangement and threshold levels while considering cost and time. The total cost includes cost incurred by misclassification errors and the total expected cost of inspection, while the time represents the total expected time a container spends in the inspection system. An example which applies the approach in a theoretical inspection system is presented.

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“…Besides, EDXRD is more convenient than traditional XRD, which uses photon energy E to replace wavelength k [18,19]. The formula is given as:…”

Section: Edxrd Experimental Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support vector machines combined with wavelet-based feature extraction for identification of drugs hidden in anthropomorphic phantom

Zhang

et al. 2013

Measurement

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The non-invasive inspection of baggage using coherent X-ray scattering

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Application of Singular Value Decomposition for Identification of Liquid Precursor Chemicals Using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Scattering

Application of Singular Value Decomposition for Identification of Liquid Precursor Chemicals Using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Scattering

Multiobjective Optimization of a Port-of-Entry Inspection Policy

Support vector machines combined with wavelet-based feature extraction for identification of drugs hidden in anthropomorphic phantom

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