The Notional Category of Modality

Kratzer, Angelika

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234684.003.0002

Cited by 208 publications

(296 citation statements)

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“…Finally, the truth condition for given above tells us that ϕ is at least as likely as ψ is true iff for every ψ-world there is a ϕ-world that is at least as normal according to the appropriate epistemic ordering source. For a discussion of the advantages of this semantics, we refer the reader to Kratzer 1981Kratzer , 1991, as well as Yalcin 2010, §3.2. The point we wish to make here arises from a disadvantage of the semantics.…”

Section: Epistemic Comparativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axiomatization in the Meaning Sciences

Holliday¹,

Icard²

2018

The Science of Meaning

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While much of semantic theorizing is based on intuitions about logical phenomena associated with linguistic constructions-phenomena such as consistency and entailment-it is rare to see axiomatic treatments of linguistic fragments. Given a fragment interpreted in some class of formally specified models, it is often possible to ask for a characterization of the reasoning patterns validated by the class of models. Axiomatizations provide such a characterization, often in a perspicuous and efficient manner.In this paper, we highlight some of the benefits of providing axiomatizations for the purpose of semantic theorizing. We illustrate some of these benefits using three examples from the study of modality.

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Section: Epistemic Comparativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axiomatization in the Meaning Sciences

Holliday¹,

Icard²

2018

The Science of Meaning

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“…(Wurmbrand 1999: 12) Wurmbrand (1999) instead proposes that different flavors of modality are determined contextually, specifically, by Kratzer's (1981Kratzer's ( , 1991 conversational backgrounds. Kratzer's work can be seen as a response to lexicalist approaches to modal flavor i.e., approaches that posit homophonous modals with predetermined epistemic, deontic, circumstantial, etc.…”

Section: (4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in the preceding section, unambiguously thematic constructions express necessity in light of priorities belonging to the thematic subject, and unambiguously impersonal constructions express necessity in light of priorities endorsed by the speaker. In this section, we present our analysis of this correlation, which is developed within Kratzer's (1981Kratzer's ( , 1991 framework for the analysis of context-sensitive natural language modals. We propose that NEED always selects a thematic needer argument and expresses necessity in view of a presupposed desire of this needer.…”

Section: Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Kratzer 1981Kratzer , 1991, we assume that two contextually-supplied parameters called conversational backgrounds pick out the relevant subset of the logical space: these are the modal base function, which maps possible worlds to sets of facts that obtain in those worlds (type s, st,t ), and the ordering source function, which maps possible worlds to sets of ideals represented in those worlds (also s, st,t ). Modal verbs quantify over those worlds that realize all the facts returned by the modal base function and that satisfy the ideals returned by the ordering source function better than any other world that also realizes the relevant facts.…”

Section: Kratzer 1981 1991mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On root modality and thematic relations in Tagalog and English

Abenina-Adar

Angelopoulos

2016

SALT

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The literature on modality discusses how context and grammar interact to produce different flavors of necessity primarily in connection with functional modals e.g., English auxiliaries. In contrast, the grammatical properties of lexical modals (i.e., thematic verbs) are less understood. In this paper, we use the Tagalog necessity modal kailangan and English need as a case study in the syntax-semantics of lexical modals. Kailangan and need enter two structures, which we call 'thematic' and 'impersonal'. We show that when they establish a thematic dependency with a subject, they express necessity in light of this subject's priorities, and in the absence of an overt thematic subject, they express necessity in light of priorities endorsed by the speaker. To account for this, we propose a single lexical entry for kailangan / need that uniformly selects for a 'needer' argument. In thematic constructions, the needer is the overt subject, and in impersonal constructions, it is an implicit speaker-bound pronoun.

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“…A existência de uma possibilidade acional bem como o resultado de uma ação, no entanto, são muitas vezes fora do espaço controlado pelo agente. A explicitação da possibilidade inerente, por exemplo, acontece, como mostra Kratzer (1981), apenas em contextos nos quais não é esperada.…”

Section: A Categoria De Campo De Controle Na Semântica De Verbos Modaunclassified

Controle efetivo e campo de controle: uma convergência trans-teórica entre a linguística cognitiva e a pragmática funcional no exemplo de verbos modais volitivos em português

Johnen¹

2015

Festival Romanistica: Contribuciones Lingüísticas – Contributions Linguistiques – Contributi Linguistici – Contribuições Lingu

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The Notional Category of Modality

Cited by 208 publications

References 0 publications

Axiomatization in the Meaning Sciences

Axiomatization in the Meaning Sciences

On root modality and thematic relations in Tagalog and English

Controle efetivo e campo de controle: uma convergência trans-teórica entre a linguística cognitiva e a pragmática funcional no exemplo de verbos modais volitivos em português

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